TCP/IP- internet.
IP RFC 791. :
- , IP- ( IP- - 65535 );
- ;
- 4 ;
- IP-;
- IP- ;
- IP- ;
- IP- (flow control);
- IP- .
13. IP . IP . . : broadcast, multicast, loopback.
IP-
IP- 4 , , , :
128.10.2.30 - ,
10000000 00001010 00000010 00011110 - .
- . , , :
0, , , 3 . 1 126. ( 0 , 127 , .) 216, 224.
10, 28 - 216. 16 , 2 .
110, 28. 24 , - 8 .
1110, D , - multicast. D, , .
11110, , .
, .
: broadcast, multicast, loopback
IP IP-:
I-
, ;
0,
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, , , ;
IP- 1,
, , . (limited broadcast);
1,
, . (broadcast);
127.0.0.1 . loopback.
IP- - multicast - , , , . , , . . . .
IP , , . IP-, IP- - , - , , . , .
12. IP . , , .
: (MAC-), (IP-) (DNS-)
TCP/IP :
, , , . , - - , , 11-0-17-3D-BC-01. , . - 6 : 3 - , 3 . , , .25 frame relay, .
IP-, 4 , , 109.26.17.100. . . IP- : . , Internet (Network Information Center, NIC), Internet. Internet NIC, .
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IP . IP- - , . IP-. IP-, . IP- , .
-, , SERV1.IBM.COM. , , , , . , DNS-, , , FTP telnet.