1. .
2. , , .
3. n .
1.
| l, | Δl | , | Δ | D, | Δ D | .. | |
| < l > | Σ Δli | < > | Σ Δi | < D > | Σ Δ D i |
4.
∆M=ρ∆V+V∆ρ.
∆ρ , ∆V .
5. =<M> 
∆M, δM=∆M / <M> - α.
2.
.
1. .
2. , , .
3. n , 1.
4. .
5. .
6. (. .4 1).
7. =<M> ∆M, δM=∆M / <M> - α.
2
,
/ . 11, 1/.
5 . . , , , . , , , .
18 . : 1 = 7 ; 1 = 500 ; 1 = 3 ; 1 = 16 .
8 1790 . . ( . metron ). .
|
|
|
1875 17 .
11 1960 .
1 1963 , , - .
2
2
