() , .
qCl() → q+ + Cl-
←
. , , , . :
[Aq+] x [Cl-] = AqCl [Aq+] [Cl-] /.
. . , , .
: q2S = [ Aq+]2 x [S2-] bF2 = [Pb2+] x [F-]2
qJ = [Aq+] x [J-] (PO4)2 = [Ca2]3 [ PO43-]2
qh
qh = [M h+] [Aq-]h
.
:
[M] x [A] =
, .. [M+] [A-] < , , .
, .. [M+] [A-] > . .
.
, , , , .
, 0,01/.
, ..
1. 0,002 (Na2SO4) (BaCl2)
.
.
Ba2+ + SO42- = BaSO4↓.
. Ba2- + SO42-
|
|
[Ba2+] = C(Ba2+) = 0.002 = 0.001/
2 2
[ SO42-] = C[SO42-] = 0.002 = 0,001/
2 2
.
C(Ba2+) x C(SO42-) = 1 x 10-3 x 1 x10-3 = 1 x 10-6.
BaSO4 = 1.1 x 10-10
1 x 10-6 > BaSO4 ═> BaCl2 .
1.
20, , ql =1,78 10-10.
: .
ql → Aq+ + Cl-
←
Pq = [Aq+ ] x [Cl-]
SAq /.
SAqCl = √qCl =√1,28 10-10 = 1,33 10-5/
SAqCl /
mAqCl = n(AqCl) x M r(AqCl)
Mr(AqCl) = 143.3/; n (AqCl) = SAqCl = SAqCl
M(AqCl) = 1,33 10-5 143,3 = 1,91 10-3 / = 1,91/.
ð 1 200 1,33 10-5 / 1,91 / .
2. F2 250 4,0 10-11. , /, .
:
CaF2 →2+ + 2F-
←
F2 = [Ca2+] x [F-]2
SCaF2 /
[Ca2+] = S; [F-] = 2S => F2 = S (2S)2 =4S3
S = 3√ F2 = 3√4 x 10-11 = 2.15 x 10-4 /
F2, /
mCaF2 = SMr(Ca F2)
Mr(CaF2) = 78.08/.
mCa2 = 2,15 10-4 7,8,08 = 1,68 10-2 / = 16,8/
, 16,8/.
1. .
q3 200, 1 0,533 q3.
.
.
q3 → q2+ + 32-
←
.
q3 = [Mq2+] x [CO32-]
. SMqCO3 = mMqCO3 = 0.533 = 6.32 x 10-3/
MrMqCO3 84.32
(mMqCO3 q3, /
. q2+ 32- [Mq2+] = [CO32- ] = S
. q3 = [Mq2+] x [CO32-] = S2 = (6.32 x 10-3)2 = 4.0 10-5