English theatre
The United Kingdom has a vibrant tradition of theatre. Theatre was introduced to the UK from Europe by the Romans and auditoriums were constructed across the country for this purpose.
By the medieval period theatre had developed with the mummers’ plays, a form of early street theatre associated with the Morris dance, concentrating on themes such as Saint George and the Dragon and Robin Hood. There were folk tales re-telling old stories, and the actors traveled from town to town performing these for their audiences in return for money and hospitality.
The medieval mystery plays and morality plays, which dealt with Christian themes, were performed at religious festivals.
The reign of Elizabeth I in the late 16th and early 17th century saw a flowering of the drama and all the arts. The most famous playwright in the world, William Shakespeare, wrote around 40 plays that are still performed in theatres across the world to this day.
The Elizabethan age is sometimes nicknamed ‘the age of Shakespeare’ for the amount of influence he held over the era. Other important Elizabethan and 17th – century playwrights include Ben Jonson, Christopher Marlowe, and John Webster.
The 18th century is known for its sentimental comedies, domestic tragedies and an overwhelming interest in Italian opera. Popular entertainment became more important in this period than ever before, with fair-booth burlesque forms that are the ancestors of English Music Hall. These forms flourished at the expense of English drama, which went into a long period of decline.
A change came in the late 19th century with the plays on the London stage by the Irishmen George Bernard Shaw and Oscar Wilde and the Norwegian Henrik Ibsen, all of whom influenced domestic English drama and vitalized it again.
Список неправильных глаголов, рекомендуемых к изучению:
| be | /bɪ/ | was/were | /wɒz/, /wɜ:/ | been | /bi:n/ | быть |
| begin | /bɪ 'gɪn/ | began | /bɪ 'gæn/ | begun | /bɪ 'gʌn/ | начинать |
| break | /breɪk/ | broke | /brouk/ | broken | /'broukən/ | ломать |
| build | /bɪld/ | built | /bɪlt/ | built | /bɪlt/ | строить |
| buy | /baɪ/ | bought | /bɔ:t/ | bought | /bɔ:t/ | покупать |
| choose | /tʃu:z/ | chose | /tʃouz/ | chosen | /'tʃouzən/ | выбирать |
| come | /kʌm/ | came | /keɪm/ | come | /kʌm/ | приходить |
| do | /du:/ | did | /dɪd/ | done | /dʌn/ | делать |
| drink | /drɪŋk/ | drank | /dræŋk/ | drunk | /drʌŋk/ | пить |
| eat | /i:t/ | ate | /et/ | eaten | /'i:tn/ | есть |
| find | /faɪnd/ | found | /faʊnd/ | found | /faʊnd/ | находить |
| get | /get/ | got | /gɒt/ | got | /gɒt/ | получать |
| give | /gɪv/ | gave | /geɪv/ | given | /'gɪvən/ | давать |
| go | /gou/ | went | /went/ | gone | /gɒn/ | ходить |
| have | /hæv/ | had | /hæd/ | had | /hæd/ | иметь |
| hear | /hɪər/ | heard | /hɜ:rd/ | heard | /hɜ:rd/ | слышать |
| know | /nou/ | knew | /nju:/ | known | /noun/ | знать |
| learn | /lɜ:rn/ | learnt | /lɜ:rnt/ | learnt | /lɜ:rnt/ | учиться |
| leave | /li:v/ | left | /left/ | left | /left/ | оставлять |
| make | /meɪk/ | made | /meɪd/ | made | /meɪd/ | делать |
| meet | /mi:t/ | met | /met/ | met | /met/ | встречать |
| pay | /peɪ/ | paid | /peɪd/ | paid | /peɪd/ | платить |
| put | /pʊt/ | put | /pʊt/ | put | /pʊt/ | класть |
| read | /ri:d/ | read | /red/ | read | /red/ | читать |
| run | /rʌn/ | ran | /ræn/ | run | /rʌn/ | бегать |
| say | /seɪ/ | said | /sed/ | said | /sed/ | сказать |
| see | /si:/ | saw | /sɔ:/ | seen | /si:n/ | видеть |
| show | /ʃou/ | showed | /ʃoud/ | shown | /ʃoun/ | показывать |
| sing | /sɪŋ/ | sang | /sæŋ/ | sung | /sʌŋ/ | петь |
| sit | /sɪt/ | sat | /sæt/ | sat | /sæt/ | сидеть |
| sleep | /sli:p/ | slept | /slept/ | slept | /slept/ | спать |
| speak | /spi:k/ | spoke | /spouk/ | spoken | /'spoukən/ | говорить |
| spend | /spend/ | spent | /spent/ | spent | /spent/ | тратить |
| stand | /stænd/ | stood | /stʊd/ | stood | /stʊd/ | стоять |
| swim | /swɪm/ | swam | /swæm/ | swum | /swʌm/ | плавать |
| take | /teɪk/ | took | /tʊk/ | taken | /'teɪkən/ | брать |
| teach | /ti:tʃ/ | taught | /tɔ:t/ | taught | /tɔ:t/ | учить |
| tell | /tel/ | told | /tould/ | told | /tould/ | рассказывать |
| think | /θɪŋk/ | thought | /θɔ:t/ | thought | /θɔ:t/ | думать |
| write | /raɪt/ | wrote | /rout/ | written | /'rɪtn/ | писать |
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Литература
- Бурова З.И. Учебник английского языка для гуманитарных специальностей вузов, М.: Айрис-пресс, 2006.
- Либерман Н. И. Английский язык для вузов искусств. М.: Высш. шк. 1989.
- Любимцева С.Н., Тарковская Б.М., Памухина Л.Г. Деловой английский. Учебник М.: «ГИС», 2004 г.
- Шевелева С. А. Английский язык для гуманитариев. Учебное пособие для вузов. – М.: ЮНИТИ-ДАНА, 2000.
