, , , . .
, . , .. .
. 1.
1
, , .
5.
5
, | ||
1-, | ||
2-, | ||
, | ||
, |
( ).
2
2.1
. , , . , . (l).
L = /αt max, (3)
( );
αt max .
, 20 ( ),
αt = α20 ∙(1-αα∙(20-t)), (4)
α20 20˚;
αα ;
|
|
t .
N. .= l1- /l ,
N.. = l2- /l , (5)
l 1- 1-, ;
l -2 2-, .
(). l,
l..= · l, (6)
N...
l , ≤ 0,5 ,
l..= (l +∙ l )/2. (7)
, 0,1 1,5 0,1 . .
L= l l.. (7)
.
.
N = N.. 1. (8)
6, , N 1-, 2- .
6
l.., | |
1 1/1 | |
1/1 2/1 | |
/1 | |
1/2 | |
N/2 2 |
, . -120 () . -480 .
7
1- | 2- | |||
.. | .. | |||
2.2
, , . . ,
..=. + . = αt · l.+ α20 · l, (9)
l. ;
l. (7);
αt (4);
α20 20˚.
, . l . 8.
8
.. | l.., | .., |
1 1/1 | ||
1/1 2/1 | ||
/1 - | ||
- 1/2 | ||
N/2 2 |
2.3
|
|
2.3.1
, .
. 1∙10-6, , 9.
9
(l), | (..) | |
1∙10-7 | ||
1∙10-7 |
...= ..1∙l-=(. / l)∙ l-, (10)
..1 1 ;
l- .
(l-= l1-+ l2-).
. 1- 2-.
2.2.3
.
, , , , .
, , :
= .. 10 lg n σ q, (11)
= l . 10 lg(n-1) σl q, (12)
;
n ;
l ( 141.2 =85; 441.2 =87).
σ , ;
σl l , ( σl =5);
. , (9);
q ( 3).
, , .
=127+10lg(0,32 · .) 1,4. 10lgF g σ, (13)
. ;
F , /;
g ( 3 );
σ , ( 7,8 ).
... HDB-3 10.
10
, | 16,6 | 17,7 | 18,8 | 19,7 | 20,5 | 21,1 | 21,7 |
.. | 1∙10-3 | 1∙10-4 | 1∙10-5 | 1∙10-6 | 1∙10-7 | 1∙10-8 | 1∙10-9 |
, | 22,2 | 22,6 | 23,0 | 23,4 | 23,7 | 24,0 | 24,3 |
.. | 1∙10-10 | 1∙10-11 | 1∙10-12 | 1∙10-13 | 1∙10-14 | 1∙10-15 | 1∙10-16 |
, , .
|
|
11.
11
L | .. | .. i | |
-1 1/1 | |||
1/1 2/1 | |||
.. | |||
/1 - | |||
- 1/2 | |||
1/2 2/2 | |||
N/2 -2 |
. .. i (o i ) .
. = , (14)
.. i i- ;
n , .
, 1- 2-.
2.4
.
-120 , . . () , . , , .
U = [(I + ΔΙ)(Rtºmax+ΔRtºmax) i] + N · U, (15)
I (I=65);
ΔΙ 5% I (ΔΙ = 3,25 , I = 65 );
Rtºmax t ºmax ( ), /;
ΔRtºmax ( 4x4x1,2 ΔRtºmax 5% Rtºmax);
Li i- ; ΔRtºmax ( 4x4x1,2 ΔRtºmax 5% Rtºmax);
N ;
U .
U = 17, U = 12.
Rtºmax = R20º [1-αR(200C t0max)], /, (16)
R20 20º ( );
R20ºC = 15,95 / 141.2;
R20ºC = 15,85 / 441.2;
tº ;
αR , 4∙10-3 1/.
. .
|
|
U = 2 Rtºmax (I + ΔΙ)l. + 2 N · U, (17)
Rtºmax , / (16);
l. .
-4:
I = 200;
ΔΙ = 8;
R20 = 15,85 /;
U = 10.
l.. .
. . 12.
12
1- | -2 | |
( ) 4 . , ( 2 ) . 17. 13.
U =Rt0max(I + ∆I)∙l.. + N · U. (17)
13
I, | , | , | |
- | |||
∆I 5% I .
. 14.
14
1- | 2- | |
.. |
, , . .
. 15, 16 .
15
. . | |||||
-1 | -2 | ||||
-1 | |||||
-30 | |||||
.. |
16
1- | 2- | |||
, , .
-480
- | ||
. | ||
- | - - | |
- | -1 | -30 -30 |
- | 200 | |
- | 160 | |
, | ||
-2 |
-480
-2 | -2 | -2 | |
-1 | |||
-2 | |||
- | - | ||
- | - | ||
- | - | ||
|
|
-480
-2 | 6;12;18;24;30;36;42;48;54;60;66 |
-2 | 10;31;50 |
-2 |
-120
- | ||
- | - - | |
- | -1 | -30 -30 |
- | 200 | |
, | ||
-2 |
-8 | ||
- | ||
Ȼ () () .______ __________ __________ 2006 |
20
15 充 1 녅 1.1 腅 1.2 .. 2 녅.. 2.1 腅.. 2.2 腅.. 2.3 腅.. 2.4 υ.. 3 녅 充...
| 10 3 |
1
. 2-45 01 03 001 1 | ||||||||||
-480 | . | |||||||||
. | ||||||||||
. | ||||||||||
. | ||||||||||
.. | 3 | 5 | ||||||||
. | ||||||||||
.. | ||||||||||
. | ||||||||||
Z, | αα,1/ | αα, / | , | l, | |
-441.2 | 2.0103 | 11.427 | |||
-141.2 | 1.8103 | 10.661 | |||
-441.2 | 2.0103 | 10.661 | |||
-441.2 | 1.9103 | 10.766 | |||
-141.2 | 1.8103 | 11.611 | |||
-141.2 | 1.8103 | 11.611 | |||
-4-1.2/4.6 | 1.98103 | 18.925 | - | - |
( ).
1. 2.105 95 . . .: , 1996.
2. 2.301 68 . . . . .: , 1991.
3. 2.701 84 . . . . . .: , 1991.
4. .., .., ... . .: , 1988. 272 .
2003/2004, . 156
()
2-45 01 03
..
___________
6084/16
. . ._____ .-. . _____
________ . ______
Ȼ
220114, . , . . , 8, . 2