A(10,10), .
i:=2; P:=1 i <= 10 j:=2 j <= 10 P:=P*A[i,j] j:=j+2 i:=i+2 |
7.12. ?
, - . , .
. , , . , .
, . , .
7.13. ?
. .
, , , . , .
:
- ;
- -pp (p);
- - ( ).
- , . , . .
:
- () (Basic, Pascal, C .), ; ;
- (Prolog, Lisp .), , , ;
- - (Object Pascal, C++, Java .), , . - , , , . , .
7.14. ?
, , , , , , .
|
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, .
. , , , .
, , , - ().
7.15. ?
- , . , . |
( ) , , . , (, ) , .
, , . . , , , Object Pascal C, .
, , . , . , , , [57].
IBM PC. a = b + c a, b c:
.MODEL SMALL.DATA b DW 5 c DW 3 a DW?.CODE begin MOV AX,@DATA MOV DS,AX MOV AX,B ADD AX,C MOV A,AX MOV AH,4CH INT 21H END begin | .MODEL . .DATA . DW . .CODE . MOV AX,@DATA MOV DS,AX DS (Data Segment). a MOV AX, B, ADD AX,C MOV A,AX. END begin. | |
, , , .
7.15. ?
|
|
- , . , . |
( ) , , . , (, ) , .
, , . . , , , Object Pascal C, .
, , . , . , , , [57].
IBM PC. a = b + c a, b c:
.MODEL SMALL.DATA b DW 5 c DW 3 a DW?.CODE begin MOV AX,@DATA MOV DS,AX MOV AX,B ADD AX,C MOV A,AX MOV AH,4CH INT 21H END begin | .MODEL . .DATA . DW . .CODE . MOV AX,@DATA MOV DS,AX DS (Data Segment). a MOV AX, B, ADD AX,C MOV A,AX. END begin. | |
, , , .
7.16. ?
:
- , ;
- , , , ;
- , ;
- ;
- , ;
- .
, -. .
7.17. ?
( ) : , . |
, .. " ", .
|
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7.18. ?
() .
. , , |
.
1. () p pp (p, , p.).
2. p. :
- p p +, , *, / p.;
- p , , ;
- p <, >, <=, >=, =, <>;
- p (, "", "") p ; "+".
3. , p pp. p : , p .
- , .
pp :
- 7.5, 12;
- (), ();
- ( ) "", "+";
- p ( ) "a0", "", "" ( ).
- p pp. p , , , .
- , . (, , , ). .
4. p p , , p, (pp, exp(x)), p.
( , "" ..), , .
, .
- . , (1+sin(x))/2. x=0 0.5, x=p/2 .
- , . , "" " " ( ). x*x + y*y < r*r, (x, y) r c . x=1, y=1, r=2 "", x=2, y=2, r=1 "".
- C () , c. , , , . , + . = " ", = "", + " ".
5. (). : . pp :
|
|
- ;
- ;
- p ..
p . pp p pp pp, p (pp, pp p, pp , , , p.).
7.19. ?
, ..
, , . |
() | | | | abs(x) | |
sqrt(x) | |||
ln x | ln(x) | ||
lg x | lg(x) | ||
( ~ 2.72) | ex | exp(x) | |
x (- 1, <0; 0, x = 0; 1, x > 0) | sign x | sign(x) | |
(.. , ) | int(x) | ||
y | min(x,y) | ||
y | max(x,y) | ||
y | div(x,y) | ||
y | mod(x,y) | ||
0 - 1 | rnd(x) | ||
( ) | sin x | sin(x) | |
( ) | cos x | cos(x) | |
( ) | tg x | tg(x) | |
( ) | ctg x | ctg(x) | |
( ) | arcsin x | arcsin(x) | |
( ) | arccos x | arccos(x) | |
( ) | arctg x | arctg(x) | |
( ) | arcctg x | arcctg(x) | |
, . :
sin (3.05) min (a, 5) | sin (x) min (a, b) | sin (2 * y + t / 2) min (a + b, a * b) | sin((exp(x) + 1) ** 2) min(min(a, b), min(c, d)) |
.
7.20. ?
:
- .
- ( , Pascal) (Basic) .
- .
- : , , .
- . , : . , 2**(3**2) 2**(3**2) = 512. QBasic 2^3^2 (2^3)^2 = 64. Pascal , Pascal x^y exp(y*ln(x)), x^y^z exp(exp(z*ln(y))*ln(x)).