{ 1945 . 1948 . 1951 . . .}
:
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2. .
(.. ) , . 1, 0. , , , 0 1.
. 1. , , .
{ , 8 .}
. 2. , 8, [1].
(1024 , 210 ), (1024 , 220 ) (1024 , 230 ).
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. , 10 0 9, : 0 1.
2 , 1. (1), ( ).
1. 149 .
, 149(10) = 10010101(2)
anan-1an-2a1a0 an ×2n+ an-1 ×2n-1++ a1 ×21+ a0 ×20
2. 10010101(2) .
10010101(2)=1×20+0×21+1×22+0×23+1×24+0×25+0×26+1×27=1+4+16+128.
, n 2 n . , 1 , 0 255, 2 0 65 535, 4 0 4 294 967 295 ( ).
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9 . : , , :
n , x. |
3. n =8
(0) = 0 = 00000000
(1) = 1 = 00000001
(2) = 2 = 00000010
(3) = 3 = 00000011
(126) = 126 = 01111110
(127) = 127 = 01111111
(-1) = 28-1 = 255 = 11111111
(-2) = 28-2 = 254 = 11111110
(-3) = 28-3 = 253 = 11111101
(-126) = 28-126 = 130 = 10000010
(-127) = 28-127 = 129 = 10000001
(-128) = 28-128 = 128 = 10000000
, : . , 1 , -128 +127, 2 32 768 +32 767, 4 2 147 483 648 +2 147 483 647 ( , ).