................................................................................................ 4
1. ..................... 6
1. ...................................... 6
2. ................................... 8
3. ............................................................. 10
........................... 10
......................................................... 11
...................................................... 12
............................................................. 14
........................................................................ 14
2. OSI............................................... 16
1. OSI............................... 16
2. (Application layer).......................... 19
3. (Presentation layer)........ 21
4. (Session layer).................................... 22
5. (Transport Layer)........................ 23
6. (Network Layer)...................................... 24
7. (Data Link)........................................ 26
8. (Physical Layer)................................ 28
9. ................................................ 30
10. ........................... 31
........................................................................................... 31
3. ......................................... 33
1. ................................................. 33
802.1.............................................................................................. 33
802.2.............................................................................................. 33
802.3.............................................................................................. 33
802.4.............................................................................................. 34
802.5.............................................................................................. 35
802.6.............................................................................................. 35
802.7.............................................................................................. 35
802.8.............................................................................................. 35
802.9.............................................................................................. 35
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802.10............................................................................................ 36
802.11............................................................................................ 36
802.12............................................................................................ 36
2. ........................................ 36
...................................................................... 37
........................................................... 37
............................................................... 38
3. OSI.............................................................................. 38
4. Microsoft TCP/IP............ 39
................................................................... 40
..................................................................... 41
(TCP)...................................... 41
(UDP)........................ 42
.................................................................... 42
IP................................................................ 42
IP-.................................................................... 43
ARP RARP........................ 43
ICMP............................................................................ 44
IGMP............................................................................ 44
NDIS.............................................................................................. 44
...................................................... 44
........................................................................................... 45
4. ......... 46
1. ....................................... 46
........................................................................... 46
................................................................................. 47
.......................................................................................... 48
............................................................................................ 48
2. ................................................................. 49
CSMA/CD..................................................................................... 50
TPMA............................................................................................ 51
TDMA........................................................................................... 52
FDMA........................................................................................... 53
........................................................................................... 54
5. .................................................... 56
1. ....................................................... 56
2. ................................................................. 57
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3. .............................................................. 58
4. ............................................................. 58
5. ........................................ 60
6. ................................... 60
7. ................................................................... 61
8. .............. 61
9. ................ 61
........................................................................................... 62
6. .................................. 64
1. , , ......................... 64
2. 65
3. ............................................................ 66
4. ...................................................................... 67
(twisted pair)..................................... 67
................................................................... 68
.............................................................. 68
5. Ethernet.............................................. 69
10Base-T, 100Base-TX................................................................. 69
10Base2......................................................................................... 70
10Base5......................................................................................... 70
6. ................................................. 71
.................................................................................... 71
............................................. 71
..................................................................... 71
........................................................................................... 71
7. ........................................ 73
1. ...................... 74
........................................ 75
................................................................................. 75
............................................................................ 75
UNC................................................................................... 76
......................................... 76
................... 76
....................................... 77
2. NOS NOS ... 78
3. NOS ............................. 80
................................................................................. 80
.............................................................................. 81
.................................................................... 81
4. NetWare Novell.................................. 82
NetWare.............................................................. 82
OC................................................................ 82
............................................................ 83
.................................................. 83
..................................................................... 84
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5. Windows NT................................. 85
Windows NT............................................................... 85
.......................................................................... 86
Windows NT..................................................................... 86
Windows NT................................................................. 87
Windows NT......................................... 88
6. UNIX.......................................................... 88
................................................................................... 90
UNIX............................................................................. 90
......................................................................... 91
....................................................................... 91
.......... 91
............................................................................. 92
7. Linux........................................................ 92
........................................ 93
.............................................................................. 93
.......................................................... 94
............................................................................................ 94
........................................................................................... 94
8. , ................................. 96
1. .......................................................... 96
2. ............................................... 97
3. ..................................................................... 98
4. ................................... 99
5. ................................................................. 100
..................................................... 100
....................................................... 100
........................... 101
.................................................... 101
..................................................... 101
6. ................................................................. 102
......................................................................................... 103
9. ..................................................... 104
1. , NIC (Network Interface Card).... 104
................................................................................. 104
.............................. 104
...................................................... 106
, , ............................................... 107
............................................................ 107
2. ....................................... 109
....................................................... 111
................................................... 111
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3. ..................................................... 112
................................. 113
................................................................................ 114
...................................................... 115
4. ............................................................... 116
...................... 117
5. .............................................................................. 118
......................................................................................... 119
............................................................................... 120
......................................................................... 133
................................................................... 144
........................................................................................ 153
.. , .. , http://www.citmgu.ru/courses/f9101.html.
. , , . , , , . , . . , . , . , . . .
, - Internet, , . [1].
, , . http://www.citmgu.ru [1], [2], [5].
(OSI). , , . http://www.citmgu.ru [1], [2], [5], [7], [11], [12].
3 IEEE802. . . [1], [2], [5], [13], [14], [15].
, , , . [1], [5], [13], [16], [28].
: , , , , . . . [1], [2], [5], [11], [13].
, . . [1], [2], [5], [23], [24], [25], [26], [27], [28], [29].
, , , (NetWare Novell, Windows NT Microsoft, UNIX Bell Laboratory), . [1], [2], [5], [9], [11], [21].
, : , , , , , , , . [1], [2], [4], [5], [11], [13], [16]
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, OSI. [1], [2], [5], [22], [28], [30], [31],[32].
, .
