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arpanet Internet




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2007 .

I.

, . , , . , , WWW (World Wide Web, ), WWW , . WWW , , , , . , , , , .

, , , - , . , . .

, , - , , () . (ISOC, Internet Society) .

IETF (Internet Engineering Task Force), IRTF (Internet Research Task Force), . (IAB, Internet Architecture Board) .

ICANN, (Internet Corporation for Assigned Names and Numbers), . ICANN (), . RIPE (www.ripe.net), ; .ru , www.ripn.net.

ARPANET INTERNET

Internet , . , Internet.

1962 ARPA (Advanced Research Projects Agency) , . . , RAND - , . , .

. , , , . 1965 , SDC (System Development Corporation) -.

1967 ACM (Association for Computer Machinery) . ARPANET (Advanced Research Projects Agency NETwork), 1969 ARPANET . UCLA , , UCSB ( -) . . AT&T Lab UNIX. .

1970 ARPANET NCP-Network Control Protocol.

1971 15 . BBN .

1972 c 40 . INWG (InterNetworking Working Group) , . , TCP/IP. UNIX.

ARPANET 1973 , . . 1973 INWG . 1975 DARPA , ARPANET Internet DCA (Defence Communications Agency, DISA-Defence Information Systems Agency).

1976 c AT&T Bell Labs UUCP (Unix-to-Unix Copy), UNIX 7. TCP/IP ARPANET.

. 1977 THEORYNET, . . , 100 , Telnet.

1979 UUCP USENET.

ARPANET . ARPA, .

1981 , DSC (Defence Security Center). 1982 DCA ARPA Internet Protocol (IP) Trans-mission Control Protocol (TCP). 1 1983 TCP/IP . , ARPANET , DARPA DCA. . ARPANET NCP TCP/IP.

1984 DNS (Domain Name System). 1 000.

1985 DSC NCSC (National Computer Security Center), NSA.

CSNET 1986 , . NSFNET 56 /. NNTP (Network News Transfer Protocol) Usenet.

1987 10 000. BITNET 1 000. NSFNET IBM, MCI MERIT. NSFNET T1 (1,544 /). NSFNET , , , , , .

1989 100 000. , , , , , , , , .

1990 ARPANET , NSFNET. , , , , , , , , , .

1991 . Gopher. CERN (Centre European pour la Recherche Nucleare) - World-Wide Web (WWW). NFSNET T3 (44,736 /). , , , , , , , , .

1992 1 000 000. IAB (Internet Activities Board) Internet Architecture Board Internet (Internet Society). , , , , , , , , , , .

1993 NSF InterNIC Internet: , . NSFNET , , , , , , , , -, , , , , , , , , .

1994 , . NSFNET 10 /. WWW Telnet. , , , -, , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , - .

1995 . 14 , , NSF, 50$. NSFNET, , , . Internet .

1 1996 9 472 000 .

. , , (gateway), ( ) ( , ; ISP, Internet Service Provider). : , , , , . , , , .

, . , . . , (RFC-2828) ( ), , .

(, ) ( ). , , . , , , , - . , , ADSL ; .

- : , : - . 300 . , . - : .

, 13 . , . .

. , .

. 1996 500 , 80 . . .

, . , 42% . 1998. -: polit.ru. : gazeta.ru lenta.ru.

, : (compromat.ru) (kavkaz.org).

. . , .

, - 600 . , 1999 . 5,3 . . 6 . . , . , , . , 78% .

, -, . , , , , .

, - . . 1670 , , . .

; . , . , 2000 .

. , . .





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