1) The telegram was sent late at night, it will be received in the morning.
2) You are being looked for. Go home!
3) By whom was this letter written?
4) The exercise is written in pencil.
5) This mouse has been caught this night.
4. Passive Voice.
1) The doctor prescribed her new medicine.
2) They often speak of him.
3) Everybody laughed at this funny animal,
4) We have been looking for you the whole morning.
5) We shall insist on strict discipline.
5. , .
1) I always (to get) up at eight o'clock, but tomorrow I (to get) up a little later.
2) What you (to read) now? I (to read) Tom's book. I (to be) in a hurry. Tom soon (to come), and I (to want) to finish reading the book before he (to come).
3) When I (to come) home yesterday, my brother (to sleep).
4) When you (to come) to see us?
6. .
1) You often mentioned it in your lectures.
2) I have been studying French for 4 years.
3) She wants a cup of coffee.
.
1) a great number, the plant, engines, of, produces.
2) has, buildings, our, several, institute.
3) the main centres, are, of the textile, Liverpool, region, and Manchester.
10 , .
9. , .
1.Last week I met my friend.He was with...young girl....girl was...student of our University.
2.This is...pencil....pencil is red.
3.She is... teacher. She is... teacher of English.
4.It is... lake.... lake is deep. Its one of... deepest lakes in... world.
5.There are many flowers in your garden.... flowers are beautiful.
, . .
1.Who usually (to do) his homework in this room? This student (do).
2.I (to live) near my office last year.
3.How long you (to live) in Kiev next year?
4.You often (to speak) in class?
5.Who (to answer) these questions now.
11. :
Accomplishment, planning, organizing, staffing, hiring, training, promotion, dismissing, directing, controlling, assigning, objective, guiding, leading, motivating, authority, accountability, command, competitor, supplier, customer, creditor.
12. :
, , , , , , , , , , (), , , , , .
4.
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MONETARY POLICY.
(- ).
Monetary policy is one of the main instruments of macroeconomics. It is based on the ability of the Central bank to control the money supply, which leads to changes in interest rates and the exchange rate, and therefore in the amount of investment, which influences directly the national output. This method of controlling the economy centres on adjusting the amount of money in circulation in the economy and so the level of spending and economic activity. Monetary policy was first employed as a means of control in the 1950s, but has been more widely used since the 1970s. The Central Bank plays a major role in the implementation of a nations monetary policy. In some countries (for example, Germany) the Central Bank operates monetary policy independent of government policy. However, the UKs Central Bank, the Bank of England, implements monetary policy on behalf of the government. Monetary policy has three main aspects:
Controlling the money supply
Controlling interest rates
Managing the exchange rate.
In this section we study the ways in which a central bank can control the supply of money in the economy. The aim of the authorities when controlling the money supply is to limit the amount borrowed, and hence spent, by business and individuals during an inflationary period. It is hoped in this way to limit the level of overall demand in the economy and thus to remove or reduce inflationary pressure. During a recession monetary policy is aimed at increasing the money supply to encourage spendings. We now describe the three most important instruments available to affect the money supply: open market operations, reserve requirements and the discount rate.
