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, , .
1. An ordinary business adding machine is a very simple example of a computer.
2. When a computer does reasonable operations, it computes or calculates.
3. A computer stores information which it receives.
4. The computer has just performed its calculations.
, Present Simple Active.
1. A computer computes or calculates.
2. Modern automatic digital computers perform more than 100 mln. additions, subtractions, multiplications, or divisions in each second.
3. A computer takes in information or data, does a sequence of reasonable operations on information and puts out answers.
4. Hardware inside the computer expresses arithmetical or logical relations such as adding or subtracting, comparing or selecting.
5. When computers receive results, they display them.
, .
1. Reasonable operations include arithmetical and algebraic operations.
2. Mathematical operations are mathematical and logical operations.
3. A personal computer is a computer used for home or personal use.
4. Memory unit is a part of a computer which stores information.
5. The smallest unit of information for a computer is called a byte.
4. , Passive Voice:
1. Complex calculations are carried out with the help of a computer.
2. A special counter wheel for arithmometer was constructed by a Russian engineer V.T. Ordner in 1874.
3. The answers of computations are recorded often in the form of tables
4. Small spots on a surface inside a computer are polarized magnetically.
5. All instructions are stored in registers, the units of hardware.
6. Information is represented by means of binary system.
7. Several computing units were invented by M.V. Lomonosov for computational science.
5. :
1. no single innovation
2. the ability to fetch ( )
3. variety of control functions
4. more powerful
5. mainframes and peripheral devices
6. a limited set of instructions
7. 8-bit microcomputer 8-
8. significantly reduce the time and cost
9. to retain data
10. in addition to
11. an individual user
12. a personal computer -
13. literally thousand of applications
14. a standard component
6. , Gerund:
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1. One way of storing information inside a computing machine is storing with the help of a number of polarized spots on a magnetic surface.
2. Storing information is possible by placing some specific devices inside a computing machine.
3. Exponentiation and extracting a square root are mathematical operations.
4. Computer is used for solving complex tasks.
7. :
1. Modern computers perform more than 100 mln operations in each second.
2. An automatic digital computer is capable of performing operations on data represented in digital or number form. The operations are very simple arithmetic or logical processes (additions, subtractions, multiplications or divisions) involving the manipulations of the bits in words of characters of information.
3. A computer is an electronic device which accept information in the form of instructions, called a program, and characters, called data, perform a sequence of operations, mathematical and/ or logical, on the information, and then supply results of these operations.
4. There are several kinds of modern computers, such as personal computer, laptop, workstation, minicomputer, mainframe, supercomputer, etc.
5. An analog computer simulates physical systems. They operate on the basis of an analogy to the process that is being studied. They are based upon the measurements of signals that vary continuously with time.
6. A digital computer deals with discrete rather than continuous quantities. They count rather than measure. They use numbers instead of analogous physical quantities to simulate on-going or real-time processes.
7. A hybrid computer is a computer that combines both analog and digital capabilities.
8. Hardware is a set of the physical components of a data processing system. Thus the input, storage, processing and controlling devises are hardware.
9. Software is a set of computer programs, procedures that make possible the effective operation of the computer system. There two types of software programs: systems software and applications software.
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1
1. :
1. to deal with ( -., -.)
2. to elaborate (to work out)
3. computer-aided-design
4. computer-aided-manufacturing
5. to meet up-to-date demands
6. software
7. hardware
8. to offer solutions
9. to solve problems
10. to defend from viruses
2. :
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