Unit 1
VALUE OF EDUCATION
LANGUAGE MATERIAL
VOCABULARY
1. , . :
| 1. | EDUCATION | He got a good education at Oxford. |
| 2. | LANGUAGE | What language does this man speak? |
| 3. | TO INTRODUCE | The teacher introduced a new grammar rule at the lesson. |
| 4. | SHOP , | There are many shops at this factory. |
| 5. | STATE | Railways in Russia belong to the state. |
| 6. | PRIMARY 1) | 1) There was only a primary school in the village. |
| 2) , | 2) The question is of primary importance. | |
| 7. | NEVERTHELESS , | She was very tired, nevertheless she continued working. |
| 8. | ENTRANCE 1) | 1) Entrance to the institute is by examination only. |
| 2) | 2) There were many people before the entrance to the theatre. | |
| ENTER 1) | 1) He entered the institute last year. | |
| 2) | 2) The students entered the classroom. | |
| 9. | AGE 1) | 1) I have a brother of your age. |
| 2) | 2) We live in the atomic age. | |
| 10. | SUBJECT | That's an interesting subject of conversation. |
| 11. | HIGHER EDUCATION | His parents don't have a higher education. |
| 12. | SECONDARY EDUCATION | After she got her secondary education she started working as a secretary. |
| 13. | ATTEND | All children of the village attend school. |
| 14. | AFTER | After school the boys played tennis. |
| 15. | LEAVE (LEFT, LEFT) , | They leave Moscow in summer. |
| 16. | PASS AN EXAMINATION | The pupils of the 10th form passed all their examinations well. |
| 17. | RECEIVE | Did you receive a letter from your friend last week? |
| 18. | FAIL (IN) AN EXAMINATION | He isn't very good at physics, he may fail in his examination. |
| 19. | TAKE AN EXAMINATION | Our students will take their examinations in January. |
| 20. | TERM | The first term at the institute lasts four months. |
| 21. | ALMOST | She has almost finished her homework. |
| 22. | AIM | The aim of the new methods was to improve the quality of teaching. |
| AIM | My brother aims to become a doctor. | |
| 23. | BROAD | This river is 30 metres broad. |
| 24. | GENERATION | Several generations of their family were musicians. |
| 25. | COURSE | Next term they will have a course of lectures in construction mechanics. |
| 26. | FOREIGN | All pupils study a foreign language at school. |
| 27. | TAKE PLACE (TOOK, TAKEN) , | The meeting took place after the lectures. |
| 28. | TO EQUIP , | They will equip the laboratories with new apparatus. |
| 29. | LATEST , | Which is the latest book by this writer? |
| 30. | TO REQUIRE 1) | 1) The situation requires my presence. |
| 2) | 2) They require our help. | |
| 31. | DURING , | We speak English during the lesson. |
| 32. | USUALLY | What do you usually do n Sunday? |
| 33. | LAST , | The lesson at school lasts 45 minutes. |
| 34. | GRADUATION | After graduation some of the students will work at automobile plants. |
| TO GRADUATE (FROM) | My friendgraduated from the institute last year. | |
| 35. | TO RETURN | Yesterday he returned home late. |
| 36. | FIELD 1) | 1) There were a lot of flowers in the fields. |
| 2) , | 2) This man works in the field of mathematics. | |
| 37. | FORMER , | She often wrote letters to her former teacher of literature. |
| 38. | BETWEEN | Our house is between the hotel and the hospital. |
| 39. | REALIZE 1) , | 1) She didn't realize her mistake. |
| 2) | 2) Peter's friends helped him to realize his plans. | |
| 40. | TO COMPLETE , | When will they complete the construction of the road? |
| 41. | COMMON | They were good friends because they had common interests and hobbies. |
| 42. | KIND , , | There are different kinds of books in our library. |
| 43. | WISH | We have no wish to go to this concert. |
| 44. | TOWARDS 1) | 1) The group felt friendly towards the new student. |
| 2) | 2) First they were moving towards the north but then changed the direction. | |
| 45. | IMPORTANT | It's important to lean to speak English. |
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| . 1. to complete | . 1. to return |
| 2. after | 2. to fail in an examination |
| 3. to leave | 3. to begin |
| 4. to pass an examination | 4. before |
| 5. to ask | 5. yesterday |
| 6. much | 6. little |
| 7. tomorrow | 7. to answer |
| 8. here | 8. to enter |
| 9. to graduate (from) | 9. morning |
| 10. evening | 10. there |
| 11. to receive | 11. bad |
| 12. south | 12. north |
| 13. good | 13. to give |
| 14. to open | 14. white |
| 15. black | 15. to close |
3. :
| important work | during the term |
| his last wish | big shops of the factory |
| not to attend school | to equip a laboratory |
| before and after the conference | the latest news |
| school age | at the beginning of the term |
| a complete course of lectures in history | to receive a grant |
| to introduce new methods of teaching | to complete important work |
| a foreign language | primary and secondary education |
| to leave the country | to take an examination in literature |
| to enter the room | to realize a new plan |
| it takes place in the field of economy | common interests |
| the course of the ship | to require much time |
| usually in time | the young generation |
| to last longer | the former school teacher |
| to graduate from Moscow State University | between two houses |
| to return the book | the aim of his life |
| in the field of physics | to realize his mistake |
b) :
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TEXT 1A
Education in Russia
1. Ancient Rus was one of the early feudal states and held a leading place in the world history.
The Slavonic written language came to Rus from Bulgaria in the 9th century. Towards the end of this century the replacement of religious books in Greek for those in the Slavonic language began.
Between the 10th and 13th centuries Russians developed a high civilization, which formed the foundation of the Russian culture in the following centuries. During this period numerous cultural treasures were accumulated. The written works of the time show that the level of knowledge on most natural phenomena was as high as that of Ancient Greece.
Monasteries were cultural and educational centres. They had large libraries and well-equipped book-making shops, in which not only church manuscripts were copied and translated but original books were written. Today we can confidently say that Ancient Rus was a state of high culture and knowledge.
2. In pre-revolutionary Russia there was a network of primary schools for common people. Nevertheless illiteracy among common people was very high. Well-off people taught their children in grammar schools (), commercial schools or secondary schools teaching no classics ( / /).
There were also schools for nobles only. Entrance to those schools was limited. For example, at lycée where Pushkin studied the number of pupils ranged from thirty to one hundred. Only boys at the age of 10 or 12 from noble families of high rank were admitted and studied there for six years. They were taught many different subjects. The most important were Russian literature, history, geography, mathematics, physics, logic, law, rhetoric and such foreign languages as French, English, German and Latin. Great attention was paid to different arts and physical training: riding, swimming, fencing and dancing. The aim of this school was to bring up intelligent people in the broad sense of the word. Those who graduated from such educational institutions usually entered the service of their country to realize their abilities and knowledge to the benefit of their state.
3. The history of higher education in Russia goes back to 1755 when the fist University was founded in Moscow on the initiative of M.V. Lomonosov and in accordance with his plan. Later, universities were opened in many other big cities of the country.
4. After the revolution in 1917, education was guaranteed to the Soviet citizens by the Constitution and was free of charge, including higher education. Teaching at schools was carried out almost in all national languages. The system of education was the same throughout the country.
School attendance was compulsory for those between 7 and 15. Those who completed their secondary education and passed entrance examinations to higher education establishments received monthly grants if they did not fail in the examinations that they took at the end of each term. Higher school education lasted five years.
3. In 1991 the former fifteen republics of the Soviet Union became independent states. The Russian Federation, the biggest and the most powerful of them began to develop as a democratic state. From the very start democratic reforms began to take place in many fields of life. Changes in political, economic and social conditions required changes in the system of education. Its aim is to prepare the growing generation for independent life and work in new conditions.
New curricula were introduced in schools such as The World Around Us for younger students and Fundamentals of Information Science and Computer Engineering, Ethics and Psychology of Family Life for senior students. Along with state schools where education is free of charge there appeared many private schools, colleges, lycées, gymnasia and different courses where students can study sciences and humanities including foreign languages.
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4. At some schools the leavers are sent abroad to continue their education at Sorbonne in Paris, at the Universities of Great Britain, Germany, USA and other countries.
After graduating from those Universities they return to the country to work in different fields of national economy.
A former student of a Russian school said on his return home:
"I was surprised how much there is in common between Russian and Western young people - their love for entertainments and the same kind of music and their wish to know everything new. I hope there will be time when young people from abroad will also come to our country to study.
Such exchanges of students will undoubtedly result in better understanding among people which in its turn will bring greater stability to the whole world."
