A. rust B. reclaimed C. impurities D. natural
E. grading F. contaminants G. demolition H. moist
I. drinkable J. limestone K. crushed L. identical
1. With the limited supply of materials, concrete recycling has gained much importance.
2. Studies have revealed that concrete is the most commonly used product after water.
3. The chloride ions in recycled crushed aggregate may react with reinforced steel to form .
4. The quality of recycled concrete is , or superior in a few specifications, compared to virginaggregates.
5. Recycled crushed aggregate normally produces a good quality aggregate that varies with the source of debris and the.
6. Since the harmful cannot be eliminated completely, acceptable levels should be determined to achieve a quality product.
7. The properties of concrete may differ from each other since the sources may be extensive.
8. refers to the particle size distribution of the aggregate.
9. Sinceis not used, carbon dioxide is not released during the recycling of concrete
10. Sulphation of the recycled crushed aggregates may occur due to the reaction of plaster and gypsum in a environment.
UNIT 24 Sustainable Building
Read, translate the following text and be ready to fulfil the tests:
75% of the worlds energy is consumed in cities, 40% of the worlds energy is consumed in buildings. The most interesting potential for CO2 reduction in cities from the economical point of view lays in the modernization of the buildings infrastructure. Converting existing and new buildings into Green Buildings is one of the most effective levers to meet the challenges of CO2 reduction in cities. Sustainable building is the design and construction of buildings using methods and materials that are resource efficient and that will not compromise the health of the environment or the associated health and well-being of the buildings occupants, construction workers, the general public or future generations. Sustainable building involves the consideration of many issues, including land use, site impacts, indoor environment, energy and water use, solid waste, and lifecycle impacts of building materials.
The built environment has a vast impact on the natural environment, human health, and the economy. By adopting green building strategies, we can maximize both economic and environmental performance. Green construction methods can be integrated into buildings at any stage, from design and construction, to renovation and deconstruction. However, the most significant benefits can be obtained if the design and construction team takes an integrated approach from the earliest stages of a building project. Potential benefits of green building can include:
Environmental benefits
Enhance and protect biodiversity and ecosystems
Improve air and water quality
Reduce waste streams
Conserve and restore natural resources
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Economic benefits
Reduce operating costs
Create, expand, and shape markets for green products and services
Improve occupant productivity
Optimize life-cycle economic performance
Social benefits
Enhance occupant comfort and health
Heighten aesthetic qualities
Minimize strain on local infrastructure
Improve overall quality of life
The main factors that are taken into consideration in sustainable building are the following: site sustainability, water efficiency, energy and atmosphere, material and resources, indoor environmental quality, innovation and design.
Read memorize the active vocabulary to the text:
Active Vocabulary
1. to consume ,
2. reduction , ; ,
3. lever ,
4. sustainable
5. resource efficient
6. site impact
7. indoor environment ,
8. to adopt ,
9. to obtain ; ;
10. biodiversity , ,
11. approach ; ;
12. benefit , , , ; ;
13. waste streams ,
14. to improve ,
15. to restore , , , ,
16. operating costs ;
17. to shape , ; ,
18. green products ( )
19. economic performance -
20. to enhance , ,
21. strain
22. overall , ,
CONTROL TESTS
TEST I
Decide whether these statements are true or false:
1. a). The most interesting potential for CO2 reduction in cities from the economical point of view lays in converting existing and new buildings into Green Buildings.
b). The most interesting potential for CO2 reduction in cities from the economical point of view lays in the modernization of the buildings infrastructure.
c). The most interesting potential for CO2 reduction in cities from the economical point of view lays in optimizing life-cycle economic performance.
2. a). Sustainable building is the design and construction of buildings using methods and materials that are resource efficient and that will not compromise the health of the environment or of the buildings occupants.
b). Sustainable building is enhancing occupant comfort and health.
c). Sustainable building is conserving and restoring natural resources.
3. a). By adopting green building strategies, we can improve occupant productivity.
b). By adopting green building strategies, we can heighten aesthetic qualities.
c). By adopting green building strategies, we can maximize both economic and environmental performance.
4. a). The built environment has a vast impact on reducing operating costs.
b). The built environment has a vast impact on the natural environment, human health, and the economy.
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c). The built environment has a vast impact on improving overall quality of life.
5. a). Converting existing and new buildings into Green Buildings is one of the most effective levers to meet the challenges of CO2 reduction in cities.
b). Converting existing and new buildings into Green Buildings is one of the most effective levers to minimize strain on local infrastructure.
c). Converting existing and new buildings into Green Buildings is one of the most effective levers to reduce waste streams.
TEST II
Match words in columns A and B (synonym match):
A B
1.reduction a). decrease b). wreckage
c). convention d). despoliation
2. to convert a). to strike b). to assault
c). to affect d). to transform
3. well-being a). origination b). welfare
c). derivation d). creation
4. impact a). source b). provenance
c). influence d). outbreak
5. to adopt a). to manage b). to clarify
c). to accept d). to explain
6. to enhance a). to advance b). to justify
c). to confirm d). to support
7. to restore a). to reinforce b). to fasten
c). to seal d). to recover
8. to expand a). to broaden b). to squeeze
c). to displace d). to extrude
9. strain a). facility b). mastery
c). tension d). proficiency
10. overall a). deceptive b). general
c). competent d). sophisticated
TEST III
Select the best possible answer out of the choices from the list to the statements (multiple choice):
1. Green construction methods .
a. enhance and protect biodiversityand ecosystems.
b. can be integrated into buildings at any stage.
c. heighten aesthetic qualities.
d. improve overall quality of life.
2. The most significant benefits can be obtained .
a. in case of reducing operating costs.
b. if occupant productivity is improved.
c. on the chance of conserving and restoring natural resources.
d. if the design and construction team takes an integrated approach.
3. Environmental benefits of green building can include.
a. enhancement of occupant comfort and health.
b. reducing waste streams.
c. creating markets for green products.
d. minimizing strain on local infrastructure.
4. Sustainable building .
a. involves the consideration of many issues, including land use, site impacts, energy and water use and other ones.
b. is provided by utilization of waste that can be recycled economically.
c. has a vast impact on the natural environment, human health, and the economy.
d. can be achieved by avoidance of contamination by detrimental substances from buildings or other harmful materials.
5. Social benefits of green building can include .
a. enhancement and protection of ecosystems.
b. improving overall quality of life.
c. conservation of natural resources.
d. improving occupant productivity.
TEST IV
