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LANGUAGE SKILLS
Ex. 10. Ask questions to which the following statements may be answers.
1. They are used to pay for all government services.
2. These include the enforcement of law and public order, protection of property, economic infrastructure, public works and operation of the government itself.
3. They are water, energy and waste management systems.
4. This is done to distribute the tax burden among individuals and classes of the population.
5. They are intended to support the poor, the disabled, the unemployed and the retired.
6. It is called fiscal policy.
7. This function is aimed at raising money to be spent on direct and indirect government functions.
8. It means transferring money from richer sections of society to poorer ones.
9. This criterion means that taxes must be impartial and fair.
10. This principle implies that those who get benefits must pay for them.
11. Yes, it is based on everybodys ability to pay taxes.
12. No, quite the contrary. It imposes a higher percentage rate on people with lower income rather than on those with higher income.
13. It means that everyone pays the same percentage regardless of income.
Ex.11. Answer the following questions.
1. What are taxes?
2. What functions of the government are paid from taxes?
3. What public services does the government provide?
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4. What is fiscal policy?
5. What are four Rs of taxation?
6. What does the slogan no taxation without representation mean?
7. Name criteria of a good tax.
8. Why do people argue over the level of the equity of taxes?
9. What is a flat tax?
10. How does the income tax meet the criterion of efficiency?
11. What principles is taxation based on?
12. What is the difference between progressive, regressive and proportional taxes?
Ex.12. Make a presentation of the topic Taxes.
WRITING
Ex.13. Write a plan for a summary of Text A. Start with
4. The importance of taxation in the economy.
5. ___________________________________
6. ___________________________________
Ex.14. Write a brief summary (25-30 sentences) of Text A.
Ex.15. Working in pairs, prepare a report giving arguments both for and against taxation and government spending (100-150 words).
DISCUSSION POINTS
Ex.16. Read the following statements concerning taxation and government spending. Which do you agree with?
1. The redistributive purpose of taxation is, quite simply, theft.
2. Taxes take away peoples hard-earned private property, and so should be kept as low as possible.
3. Society creates the conditions under which financial success is possible, and therefore, it has a rightful claim to a share of that success in the form of taxes.
4. Progressive taxes may discourage people from working extra hours.
