What Do Managers Do?
1. Managers create and maintain an internal environment, commonly called the organization, so that others can work efficiently in it. A manager's job consists of planning, organizing, directing, and controlling the resources of the organization. These resources include people, jobs or positions, technology, facilities and equipment, materials and supplies, information, and money. Managers work in a dynamic environment and must anticipate and adapt to challenges.
2. The functions of a manager (planning, organizing, directing, and controlling) are goal-directed, interrelated and interdependent. Planning involves identifying goals, objectives, methods, resources, responsibilities and dates of completion of tasks. It prepares the organization for the future. When the plan is ready, the manager can follow it.
3. To achieve the goals a manager often needs to organize new departments, office systems or re-organize businesses according to the plan, recruit, select and train employees. Assigning work and granting authority to employees are two important elements of organizing. A manager in a large organization often works with the company's human resources department to accomplish this goal.
4. Managers must also lead. They set direction for the organization, groups of people or individuals and influence people to follow that direction to achieve organizational goals. Directing/Leading involves motivating, communicating, guiding, and encouraging employees.
5. Controlling includes constant monitoring and adjustment of systems, processes and structures and taking any corrective actions if necessary. If major problems exist and goals are not being achieved, then changes need to be made in the companys organizational or managerial structure. In making changes, managers might have to go back and replan. Examples include use of financial controls, policies and procedures, performance management processes, etc.
6. All managers at all levels of every organization perform these functions, but the amount of time a manager spends on each one depends on both the level of management and the specific organization. The word management is also used to denote the people who are in charge of a company or an organization. Although large organizations typically have a number of levels of management, the most common view considers three basic levels: top, middle and first line managers.
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What does planning mean? Explain it with your own words.
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