When we think of brilliant (1) we imagine Einstein deep-eyed, wooly-haired. High achievers are thought to be born for great (2). But while natural talent seems to flourish in some, it appear (3) in others. The ability to defer gratify (4) is a master skill, a triumph of reasoning brain over the impulse (5) one. It is a sign of emotional intelligence. It does not show in the IQ test. Brain power measure (6) in IQ does not matter as much as the qualities of mind the ability to understand our own feelings and the ability to management (7) our own emotions. EQ is not the opposition (8) to IQ. What the research (9) are trying to understand to what extent they are complement (10) to each other. Most researchers agree that among the ingredients of success, IQ counts for about twenty per cent, the rest depending on everything from luck to society (11) class. In the business world, IQ gets you a job, while EQ gets you a promote (12).
5. .
HOW TO BE IN HIGH SPIRITS
I. Your brain power can be (1) ___ by lifes little luxuries according to the scientific findings. It has been discovered that mice who are (2) ___ on popcorn and sweets have up to fifteen per cent more brain cells than mice who are kept in normal laboratory conditions. Being kept in cells full of brightly (3) ___ toys has a similar effect. It is (4) ___ that the same may be true for humans, which possibly explains why children from poorer homes tend to do less well at school and in life generally.
II. Feeling like an underdog can cause (5) ___ to your health. Research showed that workers who feel (6) ___ are significantly more likely to suffer from back problems. Doctors think that one of the greatest health threats comes from negative feelings such as depression or (7) ___,which creates stress hormones and produces cholesterol. It is quite likely that (8) ___ about whether or not you should eat a chocolate bar is doing you more harm than actually eating it.
III. Scientists have known for some time about seasonal affective disorder (SAD): a form of depression (9) ___ by lack of light in winter, which is thought to explain the relativelyhigh (10) ___ rates in countries like Sweden, where in winter days are very short. However, recent research has shown that people working a night (11) ___ in factories can suffer from the same problem leading to stress and depression. The problem can be (12) ___ by illuminating workplaces with lights three times brighter than usual, making workers feel happier and more alert.
6. .
AGE AND PERFORMANCE
Theinitial peak of perform (1) occurs in the mid 30s, but the late peak occurs in late 50s. The precision (2) point at which peak performance occurs depends on the field: it is earlier in more abstraction (3) fields of mathematicsand theory (4) physics and later in such pragmatic special (5) as biology and geology. The double-peak phenomenon occurred in all groups of engineers and science (6) and the gap between the two peaks is not sign (7). There are many examples of late-life create (8) in art (9) and scientific fields. For example, S. Freud remained act (10) into his 80s, B. Franklin invention (11) bifocal lenses when he was 78, and Titian completed his major masterpieceat 95 and concept (12) another at 97.
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Travel (2)
1. .
ANCIENT EGYPT
The Ancient Egyptian civilization based around the river Nile emerged 5000 years ago and reached its peak in the 16th century BC.Ancient Egypt was (1) fame forits great power and wealthy (2), due to the highly fertility (3) lands of the Nile delta, which were rich sources of grain. The Egypt (4) were advanced in agriculture, engineering and apply (5) sciences. Many of their spectacle (6) monuments, such as sphinxes and pyramids, have survived till the present day. The pyramids at El Giza were built during the 4th dynasty when the Old King (7) had reached the high (8) of its power. One of the places worth seeing is Abu Simbel built on the Upper Nile in the 13th century BC. It is associated with the name of Ramses II who was one of the few Egyptian pharaohs who aggression (9) sought to extent his authorize (10) beyond the Nile Valley. The famous landmark of Abu Simbel is the temple dedication (11) to Ramses wife and the god (12) of love and beauty.
2. .
STONEHENGE
Stonehenge is found on Salisbury Plain/Plane (1) in southern England. It was built in three stages/steps (2) starting from 3000 BC towards/onwards (3) and finishing in 2000 BC. It formed/shaped (4) a perfect circle of huge rectangular stones that were linked/fastened (5) by beams. The stones were lined up precisely/exactly (6) that the sunrise and moonrise could be seen atcertain times of the year. Today a visitor to Stonehenge can see remnants/remains (7) of two circles of stone blocks.
There have been many various/verified (8) theories about itsoriginal use and although modern methods of investigation have expanded/extended (9) our knowledge, no one is certain/doubtful (10) why it was built. One theory proposed/suggested (11) that Stonehenge was built by the Romans with the aim of fortifying/fortification (12) the area against attacks. According to the other theory, the Druids, who were suppressed/surrendered (13) soon after the Roman Conquest, used that place as a temple from which they could observe stars and planets and prescribe/predict (14) such things as eclipses. Some people believe that the Druids were a group of priests, while others regard/disregard (15) them as medicine-men who practised human/humane (16) sacrifice and cannibalism.
In the 20th century, archeologists disproved/proved (17) these theories wrong. They showed that work on Stonehenge began 2000 years before the Celts or Romans arrived in the area. Today it is widely/wildly (18) believed that Neolithic people in Britain built Stonehenge.
Whatever the theory is, the origins/originality (19) of these distinctive country features have always been surrounded by mystery/mist (20).
3. .
THE ACROPOLIS
The Acropolis today is a monument to the 19th centurys vision/visibility (1) of Periclean Athens. During the last 200 years, all traces of its middle-aged/medieval (2) and Turkish structures have been erased, just as all the previous/former (3) history of the Acropolis was effaced by the Persians in 480 BC. What is left are the ruins/wreckage (4) of the original a vision a group of buildings, mostly temples, which collectively embodied/incorporated (5) the Athenian dedication to the purchase/pursuit (6) and enjoyment of imperial power.
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Seen from the Agora, the commercial centre of Athens, the Acropolis was a reminder/remainder (7) to Athenian businessmen of the higher purposes to which the city was dedicated/deduced (8).
Dominating the Acropolis was the Parthenon, a subtle composition/combination (9) of architecture and sculpture created by Ictinus and Phidias. This temple, built between 447 and 432 BC, ensures/enjoys (10) the reputation of being the most perfect Doric temple ever built. Even in antiquity, its architectural redecorations/refinements (11) were legendary, especially correspondence/dependence (12) between the curvature of the stylobate and the entasis of the columns.
4. .
THE COLISEUM
Amphitheatres were amenities for which the Greeks had little use, since the entertain (1) value of killing whether the victims were wild beasts, crime (2) or gladiators was keen (3) appreciated as late as in Rome. Since such exotic perform (4) occurred infrequently at first, only temporary wood (5) structures or natural depress (6) were used.
However, in Rome with its imperial policy of bread and circuses, amphitheatres were especially designed as permanence (7) structures. They presented every conceive (8) problem for architects including the different needs of perform (9) and spectators, particular require (10) of safety and access. The ingenious interconnection of centre (11) corridors and inclines must have facilitatedthe hand (12) of large audiences.
The Coliseum was the largest of the Roman amphitheatres, but its name now synonym (13) with its size in fact, derives from a colossal statue of Nero nearby. The Coliseum had a seat (14) capacity for 48,000 people and its remnants evoke awe and admire (15) in visitors of the present-day Rome.
5. .
TEOTIHUACÁN
The tremendous ruins of Teotihuacán, which are now merciless (1) restored, lie only 30 miles away from the present day Mexico City. They mark the locate (2) of the greatest metropolis of the ancient Americas; but Teotihuacán which flower (3) at the same time as the Imperial Rome, was already overgrown by the time the invade (4) Aztecs first saw it in about AD 1170.
Teotihuacán is an impress (5) large site, which was in its day the biggest and most power (6) city of Mesoamerica. It was never a lost city and the mass (7) excavation carried out in the 1960s provided more information about Teotihuacán than about any compare (8) Mexican site. The oldest pottery goes back to c 600 BC, but the rapid grow (9) did not begin until 200 AD. The majority (10) structures (the pyramids of the sun and the moon and the shrines along the Avenue of the Dead ) were completed by c 200 AD.
During its climax Teotihuacán was laid out in a regular grid pattern of temples, squares and resident (11) housing. The popular (12) of the city was in the 75-200,000 range, and, curious (13) enough, most of the inhabit (14) lived in single-storey apartment blocks, eachoccupied by several families.
6. .
THE GREATEST ARCHITECTURAL MONUMENTS
The Temple of Amon at Luxor was erectedin 14 century BC. It was a customized/ customary (1) sanctuary. Its hall was connected with the Sphinx avenues, or Ways of God. The Ram-headed sphinxes related/associated (2) with Amon symbolized generative/generated (3) power.
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The Great Sphinx at Giza in Egypt is a huge figure of a mythical being/hero (4), half-lion with a humane/human (5) head, about 56 meters long, carved out of rock near the Pyramids on the bank of the Nile.
The Coliseum is an amphitheatre for games and gladiatorial contests/conquest (6) built in Rome by the Emperor Vespasian (69-79 AD) and finished by his son Domitian. The great part of it is still/steel (7) there and it is one of the largest buildings in the world.
The Great Wall of China must be the most astonishing work of construction in all history. Itis a fortified/empowered (8) wall with parapet along its entirely/entire (9) length, and with turrets 13 and 16 meters tall in intervals of about 200 meters. The Wall is amazingly long-over 2400 km. It was constructed largely in the reign/ruling (10) of emperor Huang-Ti (247-210 BC).
Kaaba at Mecca is a shrine in the courtyard of the Great Mosque in Saudi Arabia. It includes/contains (11) the Kaaba stone, a black meteorite which Moslems believe was given to Abraham by the archangel Gabriel.
The Forum Romanum began as a small meeting place and market in Rome. Over the centuries it expanded/extended (12) until it filled much of the centre/middle (13) of the city and contained triumphal arches, palaces, basilicas and monuments. It lies/lays (14) between the Capitoline and the Palatine Hills.
7. .
PERCEPTION OF GEOGRAPHY
A common/general (1) mistake in hand-drawn maps is the tendency/trend (2) to make Europe too large and Africa too small. People from all parts of the world tend/pretend (3) to draw the world this way, includingthe Africans. One of the facts/factors (4) involvedhere is that old maps were drawn with Mercator projection technology/technique (5) , which makes the areas nearer the North Pole including Europe seem abnormally/normally (6) large. Other areas in the middle, such as Africa, seem smaller than in reality/realization (7). However, the Mercator maps also enlarge Greenland and Canada, and people usually do not make mistakes about their dimensions/diameter (8). Thus, a better explanation must lie in peoples ideas about relative/relevant (9) importance of the continents. The size of Europe tends to be exaggerated/deteriorated (10) because of its importance in peoples minds. Similarly/Analogously (11), Africa becomes smaller because people tend to underestimate/overestimate (12) its importance.
8. .
DO YOU KNOW WHERE THE KONG MOUNTAINS ARE?
Ignore (1) about the geography of Africa has led to some norm (2) errors in mapmaking. One of the errors now seems quite credit (3). In the late 18th century a Europe (4) explorerreported seeing mountains in the south (5) part of Mali. Based on that report, a mapmaker drew in a long line of mountains. As a sequence (6), these Kong Mountains as he called them,were drawn on practice (7) all maps of Africa in the nineteenth century. They seemed to be an importance (8) featureof the continent (9) geography. European policy (10) and traders made decisions based on their believe (11) in the existenceof these mountains. Finally, in the late 1880s, a French explorer proof (12) that there were no mountains in this part of Africa. Followingthis discover (13), the Kong Mountains appear (14) from the maps of Africa.
