.


:

:



,



( , )

:

































 

 

 

 
FAQ

. . 1. 10 ., 0,6

⇐ 29303132333435363738



1. 10 .,
0,6,
:

) 25 .;

) 10 .;

) 10 .;

) 25 .;

) 6 .

2. 100 .,
0,75,
:

) 75 .; )100 .; )175 .; )400 .; )750 .

3. 0,8
100 .,
:

) 100 .; )80 .; )25 .; ) 20 .; ) 18 .

4. 250 .
50 .,
:

) 0,8; )0,5; ) 0,4; ) 0,25; ) 0,2.

5.
20 , :

) 4; )5; )-4; )-5;)-20.

6. 10 ., =
0,75 :

)-10; )-7,5; )-4; )-3; ) - 0,75.

7. 50 .
150 ., :


) 3; )- 3; ) 0,25; ) 0,5; ) - 0,5.

8. 0,6
60 .,
, :

) 36 .;

) 36 .;

) 10 .;

) 40 .;

) 40 .

9. 0,8,
10 . :

) 10 .;

) 40 .;

) 50 .;

) ;

) .

10. 100 .,
50 ., , 0,75,
:

)50 ; )75 ; )150 ; )250 ; )750 .

11. 0,8,
:

) 0; 6)0,8; )1; ) 5; ) 8.

12. , 0,8,
500 .
, :

) ;

) 100 .;

) 250 .;

) 400 .;

) 500 .

13. 0,9,
25 .
25 . ,
:

) 250 .,
10;

) 225 .,
- 9;

) 25 .,
1;

) , -

;

) .


14. 2000 .,
20 ., ,
, :

) 20 .;

) 20 .;

) 20 .;

) 20 .;

) .

15.
10 ., , ,
:

) 10 .;

) 10 .;

) 10 .;

) 10 .;

) .

16.
10 , :

) 0,1; ) 0,9; ) 9; ) 10; ) 100.

17. 10 .
15 .,
:

) 0,1; )0,15; ) 0,2; ) 0,4; ) 0,6.

18. 0,75
250 ., :

) 1000 .;

) 750 .;

) 250 .;

) 1000 .;

) 750 .

19. ,
0,75.
, 21 .
.
, :

) 28 .;

) 21 .;

) 21 .;

) 28 .;

) 21 .

20. 0,2
500 .,
:

) 500 .;

) 125 .;

) 125 .;

) 100 .;


) 100 .

21. :

) 100 .;

) 100 .;

) 100 .;

) , 100 .;

) 100 . 100 .

22. , 3200
., 20 .,
0,5, ,
:

) 3000 .;

) 3020 .;

) 3220 .;

) 3300 .;

) 3350 .

23. , 3000
., 20
., , ,
, 0,8, :

) 25 .;

) 25 .;

) 20 .;

) 20 .;

) 100 .

24. 1750 .,
1500 .,
, 0,25,
:

) 250 .;

) 250 .;

) 62,5 . .;

) 62,5 . .;

) 100 . .

25. 2500 . .,
2600 . . 0,75,
:

) 25 . .;

) 100 . .;

) 25 . .;

) 75 . .;

) 100 . .

26. 1800 .
40
., , 0,6,
:

) 1900 .;


) 1860 .;

) 1840 .;

) 1760 .;

) 1740 .

1. 2000 .
,
50 . 20 .
, 0,75.

2. 2003 .
80 ., 20 .,
, 2500 .
2002 . ,
0,4.

3. .
75 90 . ,
, ,
0,25.

4. 7%,
9%. 3000 .,
2,5.
( ), ,
0,9.

5. 5,5%,
7%. 2000 .,
4%.
( ), ,
0,8.


.., .. , .: ,2002.

., . . - -. .:, 1994.

.., .. . .: -, 2000.

.. . . .: , 1999.

.. . .:, 2000.

.. : . - 2- ., . - .: , 2004.

. . . .: -, 1995.

. . ., ., . . . . .:,1997

/ . . .: , 1998.

- . . . . / . . .. , -, 1998

/ . ...-.:-, 1999

: . - , , 1997

/ . . .., .. .: - ,1994


1.

1.1.1. : 1; 2; 5; 7; 11.

:3;4;6;8;9;10; 12; 13; 14. 1.1.2.

1-; 2-; 3-; 4-; 5-; 6-; 7-; 8-; 9-; 10-; 11-; 12-; 13-; 14-; 15-; 16-; 17-; 18-; 19-; 20-; 21-; 22-; 23-; 24-; 25-; 26-; 27-; 28-.

): 1; 2; 5; 6; 9; 12; 13; 16; 19; 20; 21. )3; 4; 8; 11; 18; 22. ) 7; 10; 14; 15; 17.

) 1; 2; 4; 6; 7; 8; 9; 11; 12; 14; 17; 19; 20; 21; 22; 23; 25; 27; 28; 29; 30; 32; 33; 34. )3; 5; 10; 13; 15; 16; 18; 24; 26; 31.

) 1; 5; 7; 8; 9; 12; 17; 20; 22.

)2;3;4;6; 10; 11; 13; 14; 15; 16; 18; 19; 21.

1.2.1. : 2; 3; 4; 5; 9; 11; 12; 15; 17; 23.

: 1; 6; 7; 8;10; 13; 14; 16; 18;19; 20; 21; 22; 24.

.

1-; 2-; 3-; 4-; 5-; 6-; 7-; 8-; 9-;10-; 11-; 12-; 13-; 14-; 15-; 16-; 17-; 18-; 19-; 20-; 21-; 22-; 23-; 24-; 25-; 26-; 27-; 28-; 29-; 30-; 31-; 32-; 33-; 34-; 35-; 36-; 37-;38-; 39-; 40-; 41-; 42-.

1 -: 200-50+10=160

2-: (4000-800)-2600=600

3-: 1000+100+300=1400

4-: 750+800-600-900=50

5-: Y-S=T-G-Xn; S-Y=140; S=Y-T-C=290; Yd=C+S=500+290=790.

6-: 800-1000-100 = -300 (. .)

7 - : I= (4800-4100) +50-100=650

8 - :Yd=100+5000+900+150=6150

9 - : G-Tnet=800-1100-100=-200
10-: =600-700=-100

11 - : Yd=8000-(1200+100)=6700; S=6700-600=700.

12-: Xn=5000-3000-900-500=600; Tnet=20+900=920; Yd=5000-920=4080;

S=4080-3000=1080.

13-: S=656-608=48; I=(656-608)+32+16=96; G=(656-608)+(800-656) +16-96=112 14-: Ex-Im= (500-350)-((120-20) +150) = -100.

2. 2.1.1.

: 1; 3; 9; 11; 14;15;18; 19; 23; 24; 25; 30; 31; 33; 34; 37; 38; 39; 42; 43; 45; 47; 48; 49; 52; 54; 56; 58; 60; 62; 63.

: 2; 4; 5; 6; 7; 8; 10; 12; 13; 16; 17; 20; 21; 22; 26; 27; 28; 29; 32; 35; 36; 40; 41; 44; 46; 50; 51; 53; 55; 57; 59; 61; 64; 65; 66.

1-; 2-; 3-; 4-; 5-; 6-; 7-; 8-; 9-; 10-; 11-; 12-; 13-; 14-; 15-; 16-; 17-; 18-; 19-; 20-; 21-; 22-; 23-; 24-; 25-; 26-; 27-; 28-; 29-; 30-; 31-; 32-; 33-; 34-; 35-; 36-; 37-; 38-; 39-; 40-; 41-; 42-; 43-; 44 -; 45-; 46-; 47-; 48-; 49-; 50-; 51-; 52-; 53-; 54-; 55-; 56-.

) 2; 3; 4; 7; 8; 9; 10; 11; 14; 20; 22; 27; 28; 29; 32; 33; 38; 40; 41; 42; 45; 46; 48; 50;

51.

) .

) 2; 14; 19; 22; 23.

) .

1 - : 3657-480-1194 = 1983 (. )

2 - : 130 + 85 + 20 = 235 (. )
3-

4 - : 900 + 2300 + 40 = 3240 (. ) 5-: 63 + 25 + 7 = 95 (. ) 6-: 750-550-90=110 (. )

7 - : 5500 - 3800 - 900 - (25 - 40) - 650 - 200 = - 35 (.)

8 - ; 6000 - 3600 - 950 - 750 - (- 70) = 770 (.)
9-: 3580-1900-200-250-1000 = 230 (.)
-;

11 - : 5360 - 3750 - 1100 - 600 +120 = 30 (.) 12-: 5000 - 3500 - 250 - 800 - 500 = - 50 (.)

13 - : 5495 +674 - 5450 = 720 (. )

14 -

: 1; 8; 9; 13; 14; 17; 18; 21; 22; 26; 27; 30; 31; 33; 34; 36

: 2; 3; 4; 5;6; 7; 10; 11; 12; 15; 16; 19; 20; 23; 24; 25; 28; 29; 32; 35

1-; 2-; 3-; 4-; 5-; 6-; 7-; 8-; 9-;10-; 11-; 12-; 13-; 14-; 15-; 16-; 17-; 18-; 19-; 20-; 21-; 22-; 23-; 24-.

1 - : 2500 +750+ (450 +200+50) - 350 + (55-20) = 3635 (.)

2 - : 3000 + (720 - 600) + 850 + (29-15) = 3984 (.)
3-: 6500 - 550 -380+250 = 5820 (.)

 

4 - : 4750 - 420 = 4330 (.)

5 - : 5200 + 140 - 300 = 5040 (.)

6 - : 2900 + 320 +335 + (390-15) +19 = 3949 (.)

7 - : 2200 - 43 - 56 +25 +18 = 2144 (.)

2.2.4. ( )
1.

= + Igr + G + = 532 + (85 + 73) + 124 + (26 - 43) = 797;


= + + + + + + - = 365 + 28 + 51 + 84 + 157 + 47 + 73 (31 23) = 797;

= , = 31 23 = 8;

= + = 797 + 8 = 805;

= - ( ) = 797 - 73 = 724;

= - = 805 - 73 = 732;

= - = 732 - 47 = 685 = + + + + = 365 + 28 + 51 + 84 + 157 = 685;

= + + + = 685 -35-157 + 63 + 52 + 9 = 617;

= - = 617 - 25 = 592;

= S = - = 592 - 532 = 60;

= +

() = Igr = Inet + = 85 + 73 = 158;

= - I = 26 -43 = -17.

= - - = 157 63 27 = 67;

= = ( + + + ) ( + + ) = (25 + 67 + 47 + 35) - (124 + 52 + 9) = 174 -185 = -11 ().

2.

= + + = 85 + 42 + 41 = 168;

= + / + G + = 168 + (47 + 19) + 32 + (46 - 25) = 287;

= + = 287 + (9 -12) = 284;

= - = 287 -19 = 268;

= - = 284 -19 = 265;

= - = 265 -18 = 247;

= + + = 12 + 45 + 11 = 68;

= = 247 126 8 23 68 = 22;

= ( + + ) + ( + + ) = 15 (21 + 12 + 18) + (32 + 17 + 14) = 27;

= - - + + + = 247 - 27 - 68 + 45 + 17 + 14 = 228;

= - = 228 - 21 = 207;

S=- = 207-168 = 39;

= - = 9-12 = -3;

= = 46 25 = 21;


= + = 47 + 19 = 66.

3.

= + S = 255 + 27 = 282; = 282 + 30 = 312; = 312 + 20 + 61 -17-11 -7 = 358;

= 358 + 32 = 390; = 358 -15 -16 - 42 - 61 = 224; = 390 + (24 + 12) = 426; = 426 - (-6) = 432; = 45 + 24 + 12 = 81;

=13-4 = 9; = 432 -255 - 81 - 9 = 87; = (30 + 32 + 23 + 20) - (87 + 11 + 7) = 105 -105 = 0 ( ).

4.

= 327 + (40 + 23 - 7) + 72 + (59 - 27) = 487;

-487+ (8-21) = 474;

= 487 - 31 = 456;

= 474 - 31 = 443;

= 290 + 12 + 18 + 32 + (9 + 38 + 15) = 414;

= - = 443 - 414 = 29;

= 9 + 38 + 15 = 62;

= + S = 327 + 25 = 352;

= - = 392 - 352 = 40;

= - + + - - =392-414+ 19 + 62-38-10 = 17;

= 40 + 23 7 = 56;

=

= 56 - 31 = 25;

= (40 + 9 + 29 + 19) - (72 + 17 + 10) = 97 - 99 = -2 ();

= - = 59 - 27 = 32.

5.

= + = 562 + 29 = 591;

= + = 591 + 94 = 685;

= - = 685 -12 = 673;

= - = 673 - 94 = 579; = - - - - = 562 - 424 -13 - 21 - 59 = 45;

= 562 - 31 - 59 + 35 + 22 + 15 = 544;

= 544 - 27 = 517; = - S = 517 - 47 = 470;

= - - / - G + I = 673 - 470 -107 - 79 + 25 = 42;

= (27 + 13 + 29 + 31) - (79 + 22 + 15) = 100 -116 = -16 ();

= 59-35-13 = 11.

: 1; 6; 7; 10; 11; 12; 17; 19; 21; 22; 23; 25; 28; 29 : 2; 3; 4; 5; 8; 9; 13; 14; 15; 16; 18; 20; 24; 26; 27

1-; 2-; 3-; 4-; 5-; 6-; 7-; 8-; 9-; 10-; 11-; 12-; 13-; 14-; 15-; 16-; 17-; 18-; 19-; 20-; 21-; 22-; 23-; 24-; 25-; 26-; 27-; 28-; 29-; 30-; 31-; 32-.


1-; 2-; 3-; 4-; 5-; 6-; 7-; 8: -; - ; -; 9-; 10-; 11-; 12-; 13:-; -; 14:-;-; 15-;

1. ) 2003. = 2003/ 2003 =

6350/1,24 = 5121 .;

) 2004 = 2004/ 2004 =
6735/1,27 = 5303 .;

) = [( 2004 -
2003) / 2003] 100% = [(6735 - 6350)/6350]
100% = 6,06%;

) = [( 2004 -

2003)/ 2003] 100% = [(5303 - 5121)/5121] 100% = 3,55%;

) = [( 2004 - 2003)/
2003] 100% = [(1,27 -1,24)/1,24] 100% = 2,42%.

2. ) 2000 = 2000 = 2 30 + 8 12 + 70 5 = 506 .;

) 2001 = 4 25 + 9 11 + 65 7 = 654 .; 2001 =225 + 811+70

7 = 628.;

) 2001 = [(4 30 + 9 12 + 65 5)/506] 100% = (553/506) 100% = 109%;
2001 = (2001/2001) 100% = (654/628) 100% = 104%;
=√1O9 x 1O4= 106%;

) = 104% -100% = 4%;

) = 109% -100% = 9%.

3. 2001 = 4 25 + 20 8 + 5 15 = 335 .;
2002 = 2002 = 620 + 1514 + 712 = 414 .;

2001 =256 + 815 + 715 = 375 .;

= = [(4 20 + 20 14 + 5 12)/414] 100% = 101,4%;

= = (335/375) 100% = 89,3%;

=√1 01,489,3 = 95,2%; π= [(1 - 0,893)/0,893] 100% = 12%.

4. 2000 = 91000 + 41500 = 15000 .;

1999 = 15000/1,25 = 12000 .; 12000 = 9+ 4 1200 =^= 800; = [(6 1000 + 10 1500)/(9 1000 + 4 1500)] 100% = 140%.

3.

: 4; 5; 8; 11; 15; 18; 20; 21; 22; 24; 27; 29; 32.

: 1; 2; 3; 6; 7; 9; 10; 12; 13; 14; 16; 17;19; 23; 25; 26; 28; 30; 31.

1-; 2-; 3-; 4-; 5-; 6-; 7-; 8-; 9-;10-; 11-; 12-; 13-; 14-; 15-; 16-; 17-; 18-; 19-; 20-; 21-; 22-; 23-; 24-; 25-; 26-; 27-; 28-; 29-.

: 4; 5; 6; 9; 10; 11; 12; 13; 16; 17. :1;2;3;7;8; 14; 15.


1-; 2-; 3-; 4-; 5-; 6-; 7-; 8-; 9-;10-; 11-; 12-; 13-; 14-; 15-; 16-; 17-; 18-; 19-.

: 1;4;7;8;9; 11; 12; 18; 19; 21; 25; 26; 27; 28; 30; 31; 32 : 2; 3; 5; 6; 10; 13; 14; 15; 16; 17; 20; 22; 23; 24; 29; 33.

1-; 2-; 3-; 4-; 5-; 6-; 7-; 8-; 9-;10-; 11-; 12-; 13-; 14-; 15-; 16-; 17-; 18-; 19-; 20-; 21-; 22-; 23-; 24-; 25-; 26-; 27-; 28-.

: 2; 3; 4; 6; 8; 9; 11; 12; 13. : 1; 5; 7; 10.

1-; 2-; 3-; 4-; 5-; 6-; 7-; 8-; 9-;10-; 11-; 12-; 13-; 14-; 15-; 16-; 17-; 18-; 19-; 20-; 21-; 22-; 23-; 24-; 25-.

: 3; 4; 7; 9; 11; 12; 16; 17; 18; 19; 21; 23; 25; 26; 27; 28; 30; 31. : 1; 2; 5; 6; 8; 10; 13; 14; 15; 20; 22; 24; 29.

1-; 2-; 3-; 4-; 5-; 6-; 7-; 8-; 9-; 10-; 11-; 12-; 13-; 14-; 15-; 16-; 17-; 18-; 19-; 20-; 21-; 22-; 23-; 24-; 25-; 26-; 27-; 28-; 29-; 30-; 31-; 32-; 33-; 34-; 35-.

: 1; 6; 7; 9. : 2; 3; 4; 5; 8.

1-; 2-; 3-; 4-; 5-; 6-; 7-; 8-; 9-;10-; 11-; 12-; 13-; 14-; 15-; 16-; 17-; 18-; 19-; 20-; 21-.

) 1, 4, 5, 8, 9, 10, 15, 17, 18, 19, 21, 24, 25, 27, 28, 29, 32, 33, 35, 37, 41, 42, 43, 45,
47;

) 3,6, 13,26,30,36,39,44,46;

) 4, 8, 9, 12, 18, 22, 24, 28, 33, 37, 40, 42, 45;

) 2, 3, 5, 7, 14, 20, 23, 30, 34, 35, 38, 43;

) 11, 16, 31,48.

1. 2000 = 2480 - 200 => PSR - 2,4; Ysr = 2560 - 200 2,4 = 2080 . .;

YLR = 2000 .; 2000 = 2560 - 200=> PLR = 2,8.

2. 4000 = 4510 - 300 => PSR = 1,7; YSR = 4390 - 300 1,7 = 3880 .;

YLR = 4000 .; 4000 = 4390 - 300 =>LR= 1,3.

3. a) YSR = 5000 1,04 = 5200 ; 5000 = 5560 - 400 => sr = 1,4;

YLR = 5000 ;

) AD: Y= 5760 - 400P (5200 = - 400 1,4 =>
X = 5760); 5000 = 5760 - 400 => PLR = 1,9;

) π = [(Plr- Psr)/ Psr] x 100% = [(1,9 -1,4)/1,4] 100% = 35,7%.


4. ) AD: Y = 2440 - 200P (2000 = X - 200 2,2 =>

X = 2440);

) 2000 = 2540 - 200P> => PSR = 2,7; YLR = 2000 ; YSR = 2440 - 200
2,7 = 1900 ; PLR = 2,2;

) π = [(PLR - PSR)/Psr] x 100% = [(2,2 - 2,7)/2,7] 100% = -18,5%.

5. ) : MV= PY => Y= (MV/P) =>

AD1:Y=1400/P; AD2:Y=1200/;

) YSR = 600 ; sr = M2/YSR = 1200/600 = 2; YLR = M1 / PSR =
1400/2 = 700 ; PLR = M2/ YLR = 1200/700 = 1,7;

) π = [(PLR - Psr) / Psr] x 100% = [(1,7- 2)/2] 100% = -15%.

6. ) 1 = PY/V= 2000; AD1: Y= 2000/; AD2: Y = M2V2/P = (l,25M1 0,9V1)/ =

2250/; ΔM = 2000 0,25 = 500 ; ) YLR = 1000 .; PSR = 2; YSR = 2250/2 = 1125 ; PLR = 2250/1000 = 2,25;

) π = [(PLR - Psr) /Psr] 100% = [(2,25 - 2)/2] 100% = 12,5%.

7. ) 3000 = 2000 + 2,5 M1 /1,25 => 1 = 500 .;

2 = 500 + 100 = 600 .;

) YSR = 2000 + 2,5 600/1,25 = 3200 .; YLR = 3000 .; PSR = 1,25; 3000 = 2000 + 2,5 600/ => PLR = 1,5; AD1: Y= 2000 + 1250/P; AD2: Y= 2000 + 1500/P.

4.

: 1; 6; 9; 10; 14; 15; 18; 19; 20; 22; 23; 26; 28; 29; 32.

: 2; 3; 4; 5; 7; 8; 11; 12; 13; 16; 17; 21; 24; 25; 27; 30; 31; 33.

1-; 2-; 3-; 4-; 5-; 6-; 7-; 8-; 9-; 10-; 11-; 12-; 13-; 14-; 15-; 16-; 17-; 18-; 19-; 20-; 21-; 22-; 23-; 24-; 25-; 26-; 27-; 28-; 29-; 30-; 31-; 32-; 33-; 34-; 35-; 36-; 37-.

5.

:3;5;8; 11; 12; 13; 17; 18; 20; 22.

: 1; 2; 4; 6; 7; 9; 10; 14; 15; 16; 19; 21; 23.

1-; 2-; 3-; 4-; 5- ; 6-; 7-; 8-; 9-; 10-; 11-; 12-; 13-; 14-; 15-; 16-; 17-; 18-; 19-; 20-; 21-; 22-; 23-; 24-; 25-; 26-; 27-; 28-; 29-; 30-; 31-; 32-; 33-; 34-.

) 2; 3; 4; 7 ( AS) 8; 10; 11; 13; 15.

) 1; 5; 6; 7 ( AD) 9; 12; 14.

) 1; 2; 4; 5 ( AD) 6; 7; 9; 11; 12; 13; 15; 17; 18; 19.

) 5 ( AS); 8; 10; 14; 20; 21.


) 3; 16; 22.

1. 2000=2214/0,9=2460

g= ((2460-2400)/2400)100%=2,5% .

2. 2000=3078/1,2=2565. , 2000
1999 => g = -5%

-5=((2565-1999)/1999) 100% 1999=2700 : AS

3. 1998=1495/1.15=1300

4=(1300 - 1998)/ 1998=> 1998= 260; =(1620/260) 100%=6,5%

6.

: 2; 7; 11; 13; 16; 21; 23; 24; 26; 27; 28; 31; 36; 39; 40; 41; 42; 43. : 1; 3; 4; 5; 6; 8; 9; 10; 12; 14;15; 17; 18; 19; 20; 22; 25; 29; 30; 32; 33; 34; 35; 37; 38; 44; 45.

1-; 2-; 3-; 4-; 5-; 6-; 7-; 8-; 9-; 10-; 11-; 12-; 13-; 14-; 15-; 16-; 17-; 18-; 19-; 20-; 21-; 22-; 23-; 24-; 25-; 26-; 27-; 28-; 29-; 30-; 31-; 32-; 33-; 34-; 35-; 36-; 37-; 38-; 39-; 40-; 41-; 42-; 43-; 44-; 45-; 46-; 47-; 48-; 49-; 50-; 51-; 52-; 53-; 54-; 55-; 56-; 57-; 58-; 59-; 60-.

) 3,5,7,9,11,15,17,19,21,24,28,31,37,38. )2,10,13,22,23,25,26,29,32,33,34,36. ) 1,4,6,8,14,16,18,20,27,30,35,39

) 1,2,4,6,9,11,12,24,26,28. )3,5,7,10,15,16,19,22,23,27. ) 13,17,21.

1 -: 7.8/(7.8+87.6)100%=8.18% 2-: U/60=0.11 => U=6.6; E=60-6.6=53.4 . . 3-: 12/(+12)=0.08 => +12=150. =138 .. 4-: 0.09=U/L=U/(85-25) => U=5.4 . .

5-: 0.1=U/(63+U) => U=7 .. => L=U+E=70 .. NL=100-70=30 . 6- 1-: 92.3+5.7=98,0 . . 2-: 5.7/98100%=5.8% 3-: 98/139,7100%=70,2% 4-: NL=139,7-98=41,7 ..

7-: 0.05=(4+3)/L => L=140 .. U= (4+3+2.8)/140=7% 8-: U=(62+6)*0.02=1.36 .. U*=(6 - 1.36)/68100%=6.8% 9-: 0.06=(U + U)/(100-28) => U + U =4.32.; U=72-65=7 ..

U = (7-4.32)/72100%=3.7% 10-: U* = 0.05 =(U+U)/(82.8+7.2) => U+U=4.5.; U=7.2 - 4.5 = 2.7

. . 11-: 0.09=(3+4.5+U)/L; L=150 ..

0.06=(3+ U)/L => U=0.06L-3 => U=6 . . U=6/150100% = 4%


12-: 0.08= U/ (73.6+U) => U=6.4 ..

uc=(6.4-3.2-2)/(73.6+6.4)100% = 1.5% 13-: (67-75)/75100%=10.7% 14-; 15-; 16-; 17-; 18-; 19-; 20-: (31-35)/35=-2.5U; U = 4.6% 21-: 3-2(12-10)=-1

22-: U=10/(175+(7+8+10))100%=5% (1770-2000)/2000=-0.05 => =2.3 23-: E=0.778=54.6..; NL=0.2378=17.94..; L=78-17.94=60.06.

.; U=60.06-54.6=5.46 ..; u=(5.46/60,06)100%=9%

(Y-4200)/4200=2.5(0.09-0.06) => Y=3885 . .

1. ) L2000=7.4+105.2=112.6 .

L2005 =8.1+104.2=112.3 .

) 2000.: (112.6/168.2)100%=66.9%
2005.: (112.3/169.5)100%=66.25%

) u2000=(7.4/1 12.6)100%=6.57%
u2005=(8.1/112.3)100%=7.21 %

) u*=6.6%

2000.: 0.066=(U+ U)/112.6 => U+ U=7.4316 .; U=-0.0316 => U=-0.03%

2005.: u=u-u*=7.21-6.6=0.61%

) 2005

2. ) U=(10-0.0510)+3=12.5 .

) NL=4+6+2.5+0.5+0.7+100.05=14.2 .

) =80-12.5-14.2=53.3 .

*. *

3. (1665-Y)/ Y =-3(0.075-0.05) => Y =1800.

4. (Y-2550)/2550=-2(0.065-0.05) => Y=2473.5. =76.5
. ; (76.5/2550)100%=3%

5. (97-100)/100=-β(0.07- u*) (91-100)/100=-β(0.09- u*) => u*=6%
0.03=β(0.07-0.06) => β=3

6. u=((6+8+10)/(24+176))100%=12%; u*=((6+8)/200)100%=7%;
(2040- Y*)/Y*= -3(0.12-0.07) => 2400 . .

8. NL=5.5+8.3+8.5+5.0+3+0.3+1.4+1.5=33.5 .
U=1.8+0.4+1.2+0.9+1.7+2.5+1.3+(0.5-0.2)=10.1 .
=(7-5.5)+1.1+1.2+2.3+0.2+87=93.3 .

L= U+E=10.1+93.3=103.4 .

.= L+NL=103.4+33.5=136.9 .

u= (10.1/103.4)100%=9.8%

U= 2.5 .

u*=((10.1 -2.5)/103.4)100%=7.4%

u= (0,9+1.2)/103.4)100%=2%

u= u* - u = 5.4%

9. NL= 3.5+9+2.7+2+0.3+0.6+0.8+(1.4-0.9)=19.4 .
L=106-19.4-4=82.6 .

=2.9+1.5+1.8+0.5+68=74.7 .


U =82.6-74.7=7.9 . u=(7.9/82.6)100%=9.6% u*=((7.9-2.1)/82.6)100%=7% u= (0,2+0.7)/82.6)100%=1.1 % U= 7.9-(0.2+0.7)-2.1=4.9 . u=(4.9/82.6)100=5.9%

10.NL= 6+0.5+9+4+2.5+0.3+1.5+2+0.1=25.9 . L=138-25.9 -5=107.1 . =(3-0.5)+2.2+1.4+0.8+91 =97.9 . U =107.1-97.9=9.2 . u=(9.2/107.1)100%=8.6% u*=((9.2-2.1)/107.1)100%=6.6% U= (0,9+0.4)/107.1)100%=1.2% U= 9.2-(0.9+0.4)-2.1=5.8 . u=(5.8/107.1)100=5.4%

11. NL= 2.5+8+3.9+1.2+0.8+1.5+0.7+3.5+0.2=22.3 .
U=1.1+0.5=1.6 .

u=1.6/L=0.02 => L=80 . .

.=80+22.3+3= 105.3 . .

U =1.6+0.3+1.1+0.5+0.1+2.5+(1.3-0.2)+(1-0.4)=7.8 .

=80-7.8=72.2 .

=72.2-1.3-1.8-0.9-0.4=67.8 .

U =107.1-97.9=9.2 .

u=(7.8/80)100%=9.75%

u*=((7.8-2.5)/80)100%=6.6%

u= 6.6%-2%=4.6%

12. NL= 5+0.2+7+2.5+1.5+0.1+0.5+0.9+0.3+(1.9-1.5)=18.4 .
U=2+1.2+0.7+1.5+(1.4-0.8)=6 .

0.05=6/L => L=120 .

.=18.4+120+4=142.4 . .

0.085=U/120 => U = 10.2 .

=120-10.2=109.8 .

= 109.8-2. 1-1.1-1. 3-0.8-(2-0.2)=102.7 .

U =107.1-97.9=9.2 .

U=10.2-6-(0.4+0.6) =3.2 .

u= (3.2/120)100%=2.7%

u*=8.5-2.7=5.8%

u= (0,4+0.6)/120)100%=0.8%

7.

:1;3;6;7;8; 11; 13; 15; 21; 25; 26; 29; 31; 34; 35; 36; 38; 41; 43; 45; 48. : 2; 4; 5; 9; 10; 12; 14; 16; 17;18; 19; 20; 22; 23; 24; 27; 28; 30; 32; 33; 37; 39; 40; 42; 44; 46; 47.

1-; 2-; 3-; 4-; 5-; 6-; 7-; 8-; 9-; 10-; 11-; 12-; 13-; 14-; 15-; 16-; 17-; 18-; 19-; 20-; 21-; 22-;23-; 24-; 25-; 26-; 27-; 28-; 29-; 30-; 31-; 32-;


33-; 34-; 35-; 36-; 37-; 38-; 39-; 40-; 41-; 42-; 43-; 44-; 45-; 46-; 47-;

48-; 49-; 50-; 51-; 52-;53-; 54-; 55-; 56-; 57-; 58-; 59-: (5 - 2 = 3%); 60-;

61-: (4 + 3-6 = 1%);

62-: (7 - 1 = 6%);

63-: (100% - ((1,08 /1,2) 100%) = 10%;

64-: (1,5 /1,2) 100% -100% = 25%

)3, 4, 8, 13, 15, 17. )1,9,18. ) 5, 6, 8. ) 2, 7, 11, 14, 16.

7.4. 1,3,4,6,7,10,12.

1. MV

) MV = PY =^> Y =----,

3 (2 = 3), 3 (2000 3) 6000 . .

) 1,5 (V2 = 1,5 V1) 2
(2 = 2), :

3 1,5V / 2P = 2,25 4500 .. (2000 2,25)

2.

0 = 3,6 + 11,2 = 14,8 .; 1 = 14,8 + 83,2 +7 = 105 .; 2 = 105 + 47,5 + 64,7 = 217,2 .; 3 = 217,2 + 6,5 = 223,7 .; L = 223,7 + 4,3 = 228 ..

8.

: 1; 2; 3; 6; 8; 11; 13; 14; 21; 24; 26; 27; 29; 30; 32; 33; 35; 36; 37; 38; 42; 43. : 4; 5; 7; 9; 10; 12; 15; 16; 17; 18; 19; 20; 22; 23; 25; 28; 31; 34; 39; 40; 41.

1-; 2-; - ; 4-; 5-; 6-; 7- ((115 - 105)/105) 100% = 9,5%); 8-; 9-; 10-; 11-; 12-; 13-; 14-: ( = 1 + π = 1 + 2,5 = 3,5); 15-; 6-; 17-; 18-; 19-; 20-; 21-; 22-; 23-; 24-; 25-; 26-; 27-; 28-; 29-; 30-; 31-; 32-; 3-; 34-; 35-; 36-; 37-; 38- ([(1248 -1200)/1200] 100% - 7% = -3%); 39 - ;

40 - ((1,2/1,1) 100% -100% = 9%);

41 - ([(40 - 30)/30] 100% = 33,3% > 30%);
42- (1/[1/(1 % 1,5)] = 2,5);

43- (1/[2/(1+2)] = 1,5);

44 - ([(120 -1 00)/100] 100% = 20% < 21%)

45 - (30/(1 + 0,2) = 25)

46 - ([1/(1 + 0,5)] = 1/(3/2) = 2/3)

47 - (5% - 7% = -2%)

48 - (1 - ([1/(1 + 0,5)] = 1 - [1/(3/2)] =1- 2/3 = 1/3)

49 - π= (1,2/0,96) 100% -100%; π= 25%)
50-;

51 - (1,4 0,9) 100% -100% = 26%


52-; 53-;

54 - : 6% - 2% = 4%

55 - : 6% - 2% = 4%; 100 0,04 = 4

56 - : (1,34/1,3) 100% -100% = 3%

57 - ; 58 - ; 59 - ; 60 - ; 61 - ; 62 - ; 63 - ; 64 - : 6% - 3% = 3%

 

65- : 7%+ 4% = 11%

66- : 0,05 = (R- 1,2)/(1 + 1,2) => R= 131%

67- : 0,04 = (1,1 - π )/(1 + π ) => π = 102%

 

68 - : (5% - 3%) - (3% - 5%) = 4%

69 - ; 70 - ; 71 - ; 72 - : 4% - [(4% + 6%) 0,2)] = 2%

73 - ; 74 - ; 75 - ; 76 - ; 77 - ; 78 - ; 79 - ; 80 - ; 81 - ; 82 - ; 83 - ; 84 - .

1. , r = [(R -π)/(1 + π)] =

= [(1,08 - 1)/2] 100% = 4%. 4%, .

2. , R =(r + + π) 100% =

= (0,07 + 0,07 1,2 + 1,2) 100% = 135,4%.

3. π=[(R- r)/(r + 1)] 100% = [(0,59 - 0,06)/1,06)] 100% = 50%.

4. ) π= [(]999 - 1998)/1998]100%=[(327,4 - 315,5)/315,5]100%= 3,77%;
) r = R -π = 7,48 - 3,77 = 3,71%.

5. π= [( 2001 - 2000)/ 20000] 100% =
[(175 -125)/125] 100% = 40%;

R = r + π=(r+rπ + π) 100% = (0,05 + 0,05 0,4 + 0,4 = 47%; = [(R - π )/(1 + π )] X 100% = [(0,47 - 0,45)/1,45] 100% = 1,4% ( 5%). .

6. 7,5%
60%,
72%: = [(R- π)/(1 + π)];

0,075 = [(R - 0,6)/(1 + 0,6)] => R = 0,72.

70%,

72% 1,18%: =[(0,720,7)/(1+ 0,7)]

= 0,0118.

11,8 . (1000 0,0118), 75 . (1000

0,075).

6,32% (7,5% -1,18%) 63,2 . (75 -11,8).

9. 9.1.

: 2; 3; 5; 6; 7; 9; 14; 16; 18; 21; 22; 23; 24; 33; 34. : 1;4;8; 10; 11; 12; 13; 15; 17; 19; 20; 26; 27; 28; 29; 30; 31; 32; 9.2.

1-; 2-; 3-; 4-; 5-; 6-; 7-; 8-; 9-; 10-; 11-; 12-; 13-; 14-; 15-; 16-; 17-; 18-; 19-; 20-; 21-; 22-; 23-; 24-.

1-: rr=(25/200)100%=12.5%


2-: Rexcess=30-0. 1100=20 . .

3-: R=0.230+5=11 . .

4-: 72=0.2D+0.04D = > D=300; R=0.2300=60 . .

5-: D=20/0.125 = 160 . .

6-: Rexcess=100-1000.2=80 . .

7-: D=30/0.2=150; =150-1500.2=120 . . 8-: =(1/0.2)100=500. 9-: mult= 1/0.25=4 10-: 100-1000.1=90 . 11-:mult=200/40=5 12-: rr=1/8100%=12.5% 13-: Ro6= 01/4=25 . . 14-: D=308=240 . .

15-: =24/120100%=20%; D=24/0.8=30 . . 16-:

17-: =100.8=8 . . 18-: =20004000/800=10000 . 19-:

20-: =500(1/0.125)=4000 . 21-: D=500; M=5000.9(1/0.1)=4500 . . 22-: =200.75(1/0.25)=60 . 23-: rr=40/200100%=20%: D=200/0.8=250 . . 24-: =603=180 . 25-: =151/0.3=50 . 26-: =150-10000.1 =50 . .

27-: = 36-2000.125 =11 .; =500(1/0.125)=4000.; =111/0.125=88 .

1. rr1=600/3000=20%; mult1=1/0.2=5; rr2=20-5=15%; mult2=1/0.15=6.67; mult=1.67

M=Dmult=30001.67=5000 . .

2. rr=50/500100%=10% mult=1/0.1=10 => K1=D1- R1 =500-5000.1=450;
M1 =45010=4500 . . D2=500-20=480 . .;

2=480-4800.1=432 . . =450 - 432 =18 =>

18 =1810=180 => 180;

3. = 60 - 600.2 =48 . .; mult= 1/0.2=5; ∆=485=240;
=240+60=300 . .

4. R=70+30=100; =350-100=250- ; rr=70/350100%=20%;
mult=5; ∆=305=150 . . -

5.rr1=20%; rr2=25%; mult2=4; K1=40/5=8. ; D=8/0.8=10; ∆M=10(4-5)= -10 .

6. = 20-200.12=17,6 . ; R=17,6-16,8=0.8 . .; R/D1 00%=0,8/20100%=4%


10.

: 4; 6; 12; 16; 18; 21; 22; 23; 25; 27; 28; 30; 32; 34; 36; 37; 39; 42; 43; 45; 50 : 1; 2; 3; 5; 7; 8; 9; 10; 11; 13; 14; 15; 17; 19; 20; 24; 26; 29; 31; 33; 35; 38; 40; 41; 44; 46; 47; 48; 49; 51; 52; 53

1-; 2-; 3-; 4-; 5-; 6-; 7-; 8-; 9-;10-; 11-; 12-; 13-; 14-; 15-; 16-; 17-; 18-; 19-; 20-; 21-; 22-; 23-; 24-; 25-; 26-; 27-; 28-; 29-; 30-; 31-; 32-; 33-; 34-; 35-; 36-; 37-; 38-; 39-; 40-; 41-; 42-; 43-; 44-; 45-; 46-; 47-; 48-; 49-; 50-; 51-; 52-; 53-; 54-;

1-: 51/0.2=25 . . 2-:-10(1/0.125)=-80 3-; 4-;

5-: (1000-10000.2)(1-0.2)=4000 .

6-: 10001/0.2=5000 .

7-: 10001/0.2=5000 .

8-: -20(1/0.125)=-160 . .

9-: 501/0.2=250 . .

-.

11.

: 3,5,7,10,11,13,16,17,18,20,23,24,25. : 1,2,4,6,8,9,12,14,15,19,21,22.

1-; 2-; 3-; 4-; 5-; 6-; 7-; 8-; 9-; 10-; 11-; 12-; 13-; 14-; 15-; 16-; 17-; 18-; 19-; 20-; 21-; 22-; 23-.

) 2,5,6,9,10,12,13,14 ) .

1 - : t1=3000/20 000=0,15; t2=4000/30 000=0,13

2 - : t1=2000/16000=0,125; t2 =3000/20 000=0,15

3 - : t1=1500/15 000=0,1; t2 =2000/20 000=0,1

4 - : T=20 0000,15+30 0000,25=10,5(. )

5 - : 50+40000,15=650(. )

6 - : 300-60/0,12=2000 (. )

7 - : (4,5/30)100=15%

8 - ; (2800-2000/20 000-15 000)100= 16 (.)

9 - : t=(18/120)100=15; t.=(18-6)/(120-90)100=40%

12.

: 1,2,3,5,6,7,14,16,17,18,20,23,24,25,26,27,28,29. : 4,8,9,10,11,12,13,15,19,21,22,30,31,32.

1-; 2-; 3-; 4-; 5-; 6-; 7-; 8-; 9-; 10-; 11-; 12-; 13-; 14-; 15-; 16-; 17-; 18-; 19-; 20-; 21-; 22-; 23-, 24-; 25-; 26-; 27-; 28-; 29-.


) 1,2,4,6,8,9,10,14,15,19,22,24,25,30,31. ) .

1 - :

2 - : 48/(1/0,125)=6; 6/30=1/5

3 - : 60/(1/0,15)=9; 9*3=27

4 - : 700+35*3=805 (..)

5 - : (5600-0,15+220)-(950+80+1300*0,1)=-100

6 - : (22+170+390+85+32+15+305)-(280+40+75+35+20+400+140+45)=-16

13.

: 1; 6; 7; 9; 11; 15; 16; 17; 18; 19; 20; 21; 23; 24; 26; 27; 31; 32; 35; 36;

38; 42;44; 48; 49; 53; 54. : 2; 3; 4; 5; 8; 10; 12; 13; 14; 22; 25; 28; 29; 30; 33; 34; 37; 39; 40; 41;

43; 45; 46; 47; 50; 51; 52; 55.

1-; 2 - ; 3 - ; 4 - ; 5 - ; 6 - ; 7-; 8-; 9-; 10-; 11- ;12 - ; 13 - ; 14 - ; 15 - ; 16 - ; 17 - ; 18 - ; 19 - ; 20 - ; 21 - ; 22 - ; 23 - ; 24 - ; 25 - ; 26 - ; 27 - ; 28 - ; 29 - ; 30 - ; 31 - ; 32 - ; 33 - ; 34 - ; 35 - ; 36 - ; 37 - ; 38 - ; 39 - ; 40 - ; 41 - ; 42 - ; 43 - ; 44 - .

13.3.

1 -:-101/1-0,6 = -25;

2-: 100 1/1-0,75 = 400;

3-: 100/(1/1-0,8) =20;

4 - : 250/ 50 = 5 =1/ mps => mps = 0,2;

5-: -(1 -0,2)/0,2 = -4;

6 - : - 0,75 /1 - 0,75 = -3;

7 - : -150 / 50 = - 3 = - (1 -mps) / mps => mps = 0,25;

8 - : 60 / (-0,6 /1 - 0,6) = - 40
9-: 10 (-0,8/1 -0,8) = -40

10 - : 100 1/1-0,75 + 50 x (-0,75/1-0,75) = 250 11-:

12 -: 5001 =500 13-: 14-: 15-: 16-: 1-0,1/0,1 =9

17 - : 15/10 =15 = (1 -mps)/mps => mps = 0,4

18 - : (-250 0,75/1 -0,75) = - 750

19- : 21 x 1/1-0,75 = 84 -84/ (-0,75/1-0,75) = 28

20-: 500/-(1-0,2)/0,2 = -125

21-:

22 - : 3200 + (-20) (-0,5 /1-0,5) = 3220

23-: ΔY = 20x 1/1-0,8=100 -100/ (-0,8/1-0,8) = 25

24-: 1500-1750/(1/1-0,25) = -62,5

25- : 2600 -2500/ (1/1 -0,75) = 25

26 -: 1800+400,6/1-0,6 =1860

1.ΔY = ΔYG + ΔYTr = ΔG multG + ΔT mult = -50 (1/ (1-0,75) + 20 x (-0,75 / (1-0,75)) = -200 + (-60) = -260 . ; .. , , Y* =Y + Δ = 2000 - 260 = 1740 .

2. ΔY = ΔYG + ΔYTr = ΔG multG + ΔTr multTr = -80 (1/0,4) + 20 (0,6/0,4) = -200 +

30 = -170 . ; Y = Y* - ΔY = 2500 -(-170) = 2670 .

3. , ΔYG

(-ΔYTx); ΔYG = ΔG x multG = (90 - 75) x (1/0,25) = 60 .; Δ = -ΔY/multTx = -60/(-0,75/0,25) = 20; , 20 .

4. (Y-

Y*) /Y* = -β ( - *) => Δ= 3000 [-2,5 (0,09 - 0,07)] = -150 ., .. , , : , ; ΔG = ΔY/multG = 150/(1/1 - 0,9) = 15 .; Δ = ΔY/multTx = 150/[0,9/(1 - 0,9)] = 16 2/3 .; A Tr = ΔY/multr = 150/[0,9/(1 - 0,9] = 16 2/3 ; , 15 .., 16 2/3 ., 16 2 /3 .

5. (5,5%)

(7%), ( ); ΔY = Y* 0,04 = 2000 0,04 = 80 ., , : , ; ΔG = -ΔY/multG = -80/ [1/(1 - 0,8)] = -16 . ; ΔT = -ΔY/multTx = -80/[-0,8/(1 - 0,8)] = 20 .; ΔTr = -ΔY/multTr = -80/ [0,8/(1 - 0,8)] = 20 .; , 16 ., 20 ., 20 :

6. = / = /(1 + π) = 2688/

(1 + 0,12) = 2400 . ., , , 600 . (3000 - 2400 = 600); , ; ΔYG = 2/3 ΔY = 2/3 x 600 = 400 , ΔYTx = 1/3 x ΔY = 1/3 x 600 = 200 ;ΔG = ΔYG / mult G = 400 / (1/(1-0,8)) = 80 . ; Δ = ΔYTx/multTx = 200/(0,8/(1-0,8)) = -50 ..


.. ..

15.05.2007 .

. . . 9,4 .- . . 11,8

300 .________________ 245_________

(). 125319, , ., 64

 

⇐ 29303132333435363738


:

: 2016-11-02; !; : 12188 |

:

:

.
==> ...

1567 - | 1437 -


© 2015-2024 lektsii.org - -

: 0.442 .