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. 1.
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. 1.
1
, | , 200 600 800 1000 1200 | ||||
3 | 42/25 | 21/ | 8/70 | 5/80 | 3/88 |
45 | 64/16 | 32/25 | 12/48 | 5/53 | 3/64 |
12 | 68/5 | 18/1 | 11/52 | 4/65 | 2/92 |
30 | 64/12 | 18/ | 6/ | 3/30 | 1/60 |
4092 | 75/15 | 29/ | 5/68 | 4/29 | 2/72 |
27/40 | 4/56 | 1/70 | /77 | ||
68 | 33/56 | 5/34 | 2/72 | ||
3 | 80/16 | 60/20 | 8/100 | 4/100 |
|
|
: /2, %.
. 2.
2
, | ||
12001300 | ||
10501100 | ||
: | ||
820850 | ||
11001150 | 850875 | |
11501200 | 875900 | |
470490 | 350400 | |
: | ||
370430 | 300350 |
, . , . , .
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, :
1. (. . 2).
2. (. . 3).
3. (. . 4).
4. (. . 5).
5. (. . 6). ( . 6 ).
6. (. . 7).
7.
(. . 8).
: ; ; . .
K :
K = Fmax / Fmin,
Fmax Fmin .
1,31,5, K = 310. , .
. , .
, , .
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. 9.
: 1 2. 3 2 4, 5 . - - 6, 7 8 .
, , .
9. 10. , , . .
11 , 12 13, 14. . 1520 , . , ( , ). , . 50 1000 , 1000 8000 . , .
. 9.
, . , , . 2050 . ( , ). . , . 300 15000 .
, 1 100 . , . , , 1000 8 , 15000 350 .
, , . , :
G = K × F,
G ,
F 2,
K , 5, 7, 3,5.
:
P = F σ, ,
σ , /2,
F 2.
.
Z .
Δ , . . , .
10:
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;
: = Δ/2;
() : = + Z;
: = + Δ/2.
|
. 10.
. ( ) .
1. :
) D
Z 1 = 0,06× D + 0,0017× L + 2,8;
) L
Z 2 = 0,08×D + 0,002×L + 10.
1. :
) D
Z 1 = 0,06× D + 0,002× L + 2,3;
) L
Z 2 = 0,05× D + 0,05× L + 26.
2. ( ) :
) D
Δ1 = 0,028× D + 0,0004× L + 0,5;
) L
Δ2 = 0,03× D + 0,003× L + 1,2.
(D )
D = D + Z 1,
D max = D + Δ1/2;
D min = D Δ1/2.
: L = L + Z 2,
L max = L + Δ2/2;
L min = L Δ2/2.
, , .