, , :
1. (my_manip) : ,
ostream& (*f)(ostream&,< >);
2. (my_manip) .
3. , operator<<. my_manip, () ostream ostream *f. ,
typedef far ostream&(far *PTF)(ostream&,int,int,char);
class my_man{
int w;int n;char fill;
PTF f;
public:
//
my_man(PTF F,int W,int N,char FILL):f(F),w(W),n(N),fill(FILL){}
friend ostream& operator<<(ostream&,my_man);
};
ostream& operator<<(ostream& out,my_man my)
{return my.f(out,my.w,my.n,my.fill);}
4. *f (fmanip), . . ,
ostream& fmanip(ostream& s,int w,int n,char fill)
{s.width(w);
s.flags(ios::fixed);
s.precision(n);
s.fill(fill);
return s;}
5. (wp) , my_manip, f fmanip. ,
my_man wp(int w,int n,char fill)
{return my_man(fmanip,w,n,fill);}
, <iomanip.h>:
OMANIP(int)
IMANIP(int)
IOMANIP(int)
.
. ios enum.
public:
enum io_state{
goodbit, // 000
eofbit, // 001
failbit, // 002
badbit, // 004
hardfail // 008
};
, ios, state. int rdstate().
, :
int bad(); 1, badbit hardfail
int eof(); 1, eofbit
int fail(); 1, failbit, badbit hardfail
int good(); 1, goodbit
>> , .
-
:
ofstream ;
ifstream ;
fstream /.
:
fstream();
, .
fstream(const char* name,int mode,int p=filebuf::openprot);
|
|
|
, name, , mode p. , . mode=ios::out, , .
ios :
in -
out -
ate - . , ;
app - . seekp() ;
trunc - ;
nocreate - , ;
noreplace - , ;
binary- .
,
void open(const char* name,int mode,int p=filebuf::openprot);
void fstreambase::close();
, . . .
, :
1. filebuf
filebuf fbuf;
filebuf ()
fbuf.open(,ios::in);
filebuf
istream stream(&fbuf);
2. fstream (ifstream, ofstream)
fstream stream;
, filebuf
stream.open(,ios::in);
3. fstream, ,
fstream stream(,ios::in);
