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-, ,

, , (. interface inter , face ).


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, , , .

(, ) , .

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, . , , , .. , , .

, - .

: , ( ).

, . .

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, , , (MotherBoard). , , (DughterBoard - ) , (. slot , ).

(Software) , . . . .

, , :

  • , ;
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  • CD-ROM, CD-R, CD-RW, DVD-RW

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, -, . AT ATX, USB-.

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. , (. pixel picture element, ).

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. , , . 60 , - 80 - 100

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- .

101- c QWERTY ( ), , - :

12 , . , .

. , () F1, F10.

:

Enter
Esc , ,
CtrlAlt -,
Shift
Insert ( c , ) ( )
Delete
Back Space
HomeEnd
Page Up Page Down ( )
Tab ,
Caps Lock
Print Screen

. Num Lock.

( ), :

  • , - ;
  • ;
  • ;
  • - .

, . , ().

, "" BIOS, , , .

(, .) , .

, . , . ( ), , ..

, . . - . , .

CD-ROM, CD-RW, DVD-ROM
 

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1 .
2 .
3 .
4 .
5 .
6 CD-ROM.
7 .
8 .
9 , , . , .

  , BIOS, CMOS  

. . , :

  • (ROM) (RAM) , -
  • ;
  • - .

, (ChipSets). , , .

, , , ..


Pentium


1 ;
2 256 ;
3 ;
4 ;
5 ;
6 , 4 ;
7 () ;
8 , -, ;
9 32- ( , .);
10 BIOS (Flash-);
11 ;
12 16-

(, . RAM, Random Access Memory ) , , , .

, , , , , . , .

64 - 512 , 256 . DRAM (Dynamic RAM ). DRAM , , .

DRAM , . - , ( 2 ) . (Refresh Memory).

1-16 . .

SIMM 10 . 256 , 1, 2, 4, 8, 16, 32 64 . SIMM , , 30 72. 50 70 .

: DDR SDRAM PC2100/PC2700 DRDRAM PC800/PC1066 ( DDR400, DDR II RDRAM PC4200). 5-7 . DDR333 (PC2700) .

DRDRAM (Direct Rambus) , . DDR SDRAM PC2700 .

-

(. cache), , .

- , , , , , -. "", "". , , , . , . .

- SRAM (Static RAM), , , DRAM.

-, 128 . , 64 512 .

(CPU, . Central Processing Unit) , , , .

: - ; ; ; ; ; .

. , , . - , .

AGP. - , . , . , AGP(Advanced Graphic Port - ). PCI(33 66 ), .

USB (Universal Serial Bus - ). . 256 , . , , , , , .., . , " " ( ) .

; .

, BIOS, CMOS

(ROM), (Flash Memory), CMOS RAM, , .

(, . ROM, Read Only Memory ) , , . . .

(Flash Memory) , .

. , , , , , .

Flash- BIOS.

BIOS , , . BIOS , firmware. Firmware hardware software: , , .

BIOS Basic Input/Output System ( /). BIOS - , .

BIOS (POST, Power On Self Test) ( ). :

  • ;
  • ;
  • ;
  • ;
  • ;
  • ,
  • .

BIOS , CMOS , . CMOS , - BIOS. , , , , , , BIOS . , CMOS- .

, BIOS . BIOS (FDD) (HDD), CD-ROM, ZIP, LS-120, SCSI- .. , BIOS ( , BIOS). , , .

Pentium BIOS , - ATX , ACPI (Advanced Configuration and Power Interface ). APM (Advanced Power Management ). , ACPI , APM BIOS.

CMOS Setup, BIOS (. Set-up , "").

.


(VRAM) , . , . .

.

.

I SA - Industry Standard Architecture. , (). , "" , . .

PCI -Peripheral Component Interconnect - - , Intel Pentium. , , . plug-and-play, , .

FSB. PCI , , Intel Pentium Pro, , Front Side Bus. 100-125 . 133 . 100 800 /.

AGP. - , . , . , AGP(Advanced Graphic Port - ). PCI(33 66 ), .

USB (Universal Serial Bus - ). . 256 , . , , , , , .., . , " " ( ) .

(chipset) , . . , . , AMD, Intel, VIA, SiS, Intel, nVIDIA ATi. , , . .

, " " " ".

" " : , , AGP PCI.

" " , PCI-ISA, , , USB.

(. HDD Hard Disk Drive) .

, .

, . , . 512 .

- , . , .

1,1 , . , 0,5 .

:

  • :
  • 7200 /
  • - , 7-8, - 5-6
  • 30 /, : 50 / IEEE 1394, 80 / SCSI.

.

- - (64 ), .

, (. floppy disk) , . .


, , . , / .

. , . .

360 2,88 .

: 3,5 (89 ), 1,44 , 80, 18.

(. floppy-disk drive), , 360 /. , . .

.

CD-ROM, CD-RW, DVD-ROM

CD-ROM 12 1,2 . , . (pits ) (land ). CD, "0" "1", , CD-ROM. , .

(2,54 ) 16 . 96 . CD 780 . CD , .

, - , , . , . .

CD CD-ROM (CD-ROM Drive).

CD-ROM. .
CD-R. . CD-R , , .
CD-RW. CD-RW . , CD-ROM CD-R. CD-RW , , . , . , , - - , . , . , - CD-ROM CD-R. CD-RW CD-ROM ( , 1998 .)

DVD-R, DVD-RW. , CD, 4,7 , .. DVD 17 . , -, .

()

, ( ) . , BIOS. .

SVGA (Super Video Graphics Array ), 12801024 256 1024768 16 .

, , :


() , . , , .

-, , , . ., , .

TV- , . TV- . , .

()

(Sound Blaster ) , , , , , .

:

  • -, ( , ) (, , ) ;
  • -, , , .

, , .

. , 30 . Sound Blaster, , .

 
, -
  ,  

-, . . . , , .

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(, ) . , , , . ,

. .

. : ( ), , . , .

: , , . 3 . , , .

- .

:

(pixels per inch, ppi), , . : (, 600 19 200 ppi), .

, . . , 24 , , 8 ; 16,7 . 8 (24 RGB), 12, 14 16 ( 36, 42 48 RGB).

; 216297 (4).

, , . .

,

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() , , .

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- - D-MO (Compact Disk-Magneto Optical). D-MO , CD-ROM. 128 2,6 .

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(. tape streamer) . 1 - 2 .

. , .

, .

, , . .

-.

, -

.

, , , () .

, , . : /.


, . , . ( ) . . , . .

, , , , . .

. "" "" (. fac simile ), (, ..) .

, , -.

- . - .

, Logitech, Canesta (http://www.canesta.com/), Tyzx, Anoto (http://www.anoto.com/), , IBM, Intel Microsoft, . , Intel , . , , , , , , .

I BM ViaVoice, , , , .

Tyzx , . , , , . Tyzx , (census correspondence) , . 33- DeepSea 512?512 125 , , Intel Pentium. , Tyzx, , (CMOS), . (CCD).

Tyzx , . , Microsoft Research (http://research.microsoft.com/vision/ImageBasedRealities) , 3D- . Point Grey Research (http://www.ptgrey.com/) , , , . ViewPlus (http://www.viewplus.co.jp/), Point Grey Research, 60 , 20 .

, .





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