. 11-12
III-IV ϻ
:
1. III . .
2. III .
3. . .
4. .
5. I-III
6. IV . .
7. IV .
8. . .
9. . IV .
:
1. .., . .: , 2007.
2. .., .. . .: , 1994.
:
1. .. . 1998.
2. - , .
III .
2+, Sr2+, 2+.
II . . . - s-. 8- s2p6. , - .
, H2SO4, 2+, Sr2+, Ca2+ . , , , , ( 2+ 2+).
H2SO4 III , . CaSO4 , 2+ H2SO4 . , CaSO4.
III , . : P(CaOH)2 < PSr(OH)2 < PBa(OH)2. III , . , , .
2+, Sr2+, 2+ . . III .
2.
( ). ( ). , . . : (, , , ), , , , . ( ) .
|
|
3. (H2SO4).
, , , .
1. Ba2++SO42 -=BaSO4↓
25 50%
2. Ca2++SO42- =CaSO4↓ ( NH4+)
CaSO4+ (NH4)2SO4 = (NH4)2[Ca(SO4)2]
() .
Ba2+ | K2CrO4 | , , HCl HNO3 | BaCl2+K2CrO4 = BaCrO4â+2KCl Ba2++CrO42--=BaCrO4â |
K2Cr2O7 | , , HCl HNO3 | 2BaCl2+K2Cr2O7+H2O= =2BaCrO4â+2KCl+2HCl 2Ba2++Cr2O72--+H2O= =2BaCrO4â+2H+ | |
(NH4)2C2O4 | , HCl HNO3, | BaCl2+(NH4)2C2O4= =BaC2O4â+2NH4Cl Ba2++C2O42--=BaC2O4â | |
Na2C6O6 | - , HCl | BaCl2+Na2C6O6= =BaC6O6â+2NaCl Ba2++C6O62--=BaC6O6â | |
- | |||
Ca2+ | (NH4)2C2O4 | , , | CaCl2+(NH4)2C2O4= =CaC2O4â+2NH4Cl Ca2++C2O42--=CaC2O4â |
K4[Fe(CN)6] - | , , | CaCl2+K4[Fe(CN)6]+2NH4OH= =Ca(NH4)2[Fe(CN)6] â+ +2KCl+2KOH Ca2++[Fe(CN)6]4--+2NH4+= =Ca(NH4)2[Fe(CN)6] â | |
H2SO4( ) | , | ||
Na2C6O6 | |||
- |