Ibn-Sina (Avicenna), great son of the Tajik people, lives in the memory of the nations as scientist and philosopher, author and physician. A truly encyclopaedic mind, Ibn-Sina summed up and enriched the learning of his age and made great contributions to many different branches of knowledge.
Abu Ali Ibn-Sina is one of the most famous men of the late 10-th and early 11-th century. Ibn-Sina was born in the village of Afshana near Bukhara. He attended school in Bukhara and displayed a remarkable memory and uncommon ability. Since the schools of the time had too little to offer he arranged for one of the merchants to teach him numbers and geometry. From his teacher of philosophy Ibn-Sina got certain notions of logic.
After memorizing the Koran in Arabic the youth devoted himself to the study of medicine. He worked very hard. Ibn-Sina wrote mostly in Arabic since this was the language of learning in the East, much as Latin was in Europe. In his own language from which modern Tajik is derived he wrote the “Book of Knowledge “ with sections on logic, nature, astronomy, and music, and also certain other works.
Ibn-Sina won world renown as the author of the “Canon of Medicine”, a comprehensive work in five books with sections of the fundamentals of medical science (anatomy, physiology, symptomatology, prevention of disease, and general dietetics, and therapy), on ailments confined to particular organs and ailments not so confined (e.g. fever, infectious diseases, poisonings, skin diseases, and surgical ailments), on remedies administered without admixtures, and on the composition and prevention of compound remedies. The “Canon” was translated into Latin, which made it accessible to European physicians and was widely used in European universities. The Latin translation alone has some 30 editions.
Many centuries before the inception of bacteriology Ibn-Sina declared that diseases can be spread by water owing to the presence in it of invisibly minute living organisms. Some of his clinical accounts are remarkably accurate and many of his suggestions for diet and treatment are quite valid for modern medicine too.
Besides the “Canon” Ibn-Sina wrote works on particular aspects and problems of medicine such as on gastric diseases, on cardiac remedies, on the pulse, and on “the physician’s contest with the forces of Nature” in which he considered a correct regimen and health building through exercise.
With the development of scientific European medicine ‘the Canon” for so many centuries the standard work, has become a classic of the past. It was used in European medical schools right up to the 17-th century, and in the East it is frequently consulted even today.
Apart from medicine Ibn-Sina wrote on the structure on earth and sky, on chemistry, on geography, logic, the Arabic language, astrology and much else.
Both his writings and his practical activities were extremely progressive for his day. The works of Ibn-Sina – Avicenna – were a contribution made to world culture.
TASKS
I. Find in the text English equivalents to the following Russian word combinations:
живет в памяти людей; поистине энциклопедический ум; суммировал и обогатил познания; внес вклад в различные области знания; удивительная память и неординарные способности; некоторые понятия логики; всесторонняя работа; заболевания, ограниченные отдельными органами; лекарства, назначаемые без примесей; благодаря наличию невидимых активных организмов; правильный режим; строение земли и неба; вклад в мировую культуру
II. Answer the questions:
1. When and where did Avicenna live?
2. What can be said about his mind and abilities?
3. What branches of knowledge did he make contribution to?
4. What language did he write his works in? Why?
5. What do you know about his work “The Canon of Medicine”?
6. What other problems of medicine did he write works on?
7. What did he declare before the inception of bacteriology?
8. What did he study apart from medicine?
III. Complete the sentences:
1. Avicenna lives in the memory of the nations as …
2. He summed up and enriched …
3. After memorizing the Koran Avicenna devoted himself to …
4. He wrote in … since it was the language of learning in the East.
5. “The Canon of Medicine” is a comprehensive work in five books with sections
of …
6. Avicenna wrote works on particular aspects and problems of medicine such as …
7. Apart from medicine Ibn-Sina wrote on …
8. Works of Avicenna were a contribution to …
IV. Express your agreement or disagreement with the following statements:.
1. Avicenna lives in the memory of nations as a great artist.
2. Avicenna had a truly encyclopaedic mind.
3. He lived in the 1st century B.C.
4. He had a remarkable memory and uncommon ability.
5. He memorized the Koran in Tajik.
6. His work “Book of knowledge” contained sections on logic, nature, astronomy,
and music.
7. His book “The Canon of Medicine” is devoted to anatomy and physiology.
8. ‘The Canon of Medicine’ was translated into Russian.
9. Avicenna was the founder of bacteriology.
V. Read text В using a dictionary to find out new information about Avicenna:
Ibn-Sina (Avicenna) – Doctor of Doctors
Ibn-Sinawas born in 980 A.D. He displayed exceptional intellectual prowess as a child and at the age of ten was already proficient in the Qur’an (Koran) and the Arabic classics. During the next six years he devoted himself to Muslim Jurisprudence, philosophy, and natural sciences, and studied logic.
He turned his attention to medicine at the age of 17 and found it in his own words “not difficult”. By the age of 18 he had reputation of a physician and was summoned to attend the Samani ruler Nuh Ibn Mansur who, in gratitude for Ibn-Sina’s services allowed him to make free use of the royal library which contained many rare and even unique books. At the age of 21 Ibn-Sina was in a position to compose his first book.
At about the same time he lost his father. Soon he left Bukhara and wandered westwards. He moved to Ray near modern Teheran and established a busy medical practice. He cured Amir Shamsud-Dawala of colic and was made Prime Minister. His life at this time was very stenuous, during the day he was busy with the Amir’s services, while a great deal of the night was passed in lecturing and dictating notes for his books.
Following the death of the Amir, Ibn-Sina fled to Isfahan. He spent his final years in the services of the ruler of the city whom he adviced on scientific and literary matters and accompanied on military compaigns. Ibn-Sina died in 1036 at the age of 58. He was burried in Hamadon where his grave is still shown.
VI. Say everything you know about Avicenna:
LESSON 7
Грамматика: оборот There is/are, Continuous Active
