Занятие 7
Этапы занятия и рекомендуемая продолжительность тренировки видов речевой деятельности:
Задачи:
- продолжать развивать у студентов навык произношения медицинской лексики профессиональных текстов;
- развивать навык спряжения глаголов в Present Continuous Active;
- закрепление навыка употребления глаголов в Present Simple, Present Continuous (Progressive) и Future Simple Active;
- развивать навыки повседневного общения в рамках темы «Мышечная система тела человека».
I. Проведение проверочной работы № 4 по контролю знаний занятия № 5 (15 мин).
II. Активизация лексического материала. Направлено на формирование ОК-6 (45 мин.)
Задание 1. Изучите лексический минимум по теме:
approximately – приблизительно
weight – вес; масса
tissue – ткань
identify – распознавать; устанавливать, определять
smooth – гладкий
striated – полосатый
contract – сокращаться
change – изменение
expand – растягивать(ся), расширять(ся); увеличивать(ся) в объеме, в размерах
respond – отвечать
certain – определенный; определенного рода (вида)
in response – в ответ
involuntary – непроизвольный
bound – связанный
bundle – пучок
tendon – сухожилие
environment – окружающая среда
voluntary – произвольный
will – воля; сила воли; желание
feature – особенность, характерная черта
complete – полный
contraction – мышечное сокращение
nerve fibre – нервное волокно
motor fiber – двигательное волокно
Задание 2. Прочтите и переведите текст.
Types of Muscles
The muscles constitute approximately 50 per cent of the total body weight. There are three main types of muscular tissue that we identify and classify on the basis of structure and functions:
1) smooth or visceral muscle,
2) striated or skeletal muscle,
3) cardiac muscle.
Smooth muscles can contract slowly. They make up the walls of the internal organs. The visceral muscles react slowly to changes within the body. They are contracting or expanding when they respond to certain chemicals in the blood or in response to the effect of temperature but we cannot make them move. For this reason, we call them involuntary muscles. Smooth muscle tissue consists of long cells. Smooth muscle fibres are bound into bundles by connective tissue.
Striated muscle tissue consists of large fibres in the form of bundles. There are tendons at their ends by means of which they are bound to bones. Striated muscles are most necessary for manipulation of the bones of the skeleton. They react quickly to changes in the environment and become active through an effort of will. Striated muscle is richer in blood vessels than the smooth muscle. For this reason, we call striated muscles voluntary muscles.
A characteristic feature of cardiac muscle is that fibres have neither a beginning nor an end. Cardiac muscle is under complete involuntary control.
Muscles are the active part of the motor apparatus: their contractions are producing various movements, when they are active. Muscles have both motor and sensory nerve fibres. Impulses (signals) about the state of the muscle reach the brain along the sensory fibres. The nerve impulses which cause the muscle to contract come from the brain along the motor fibres.
Задание 3. Прочтите и переведите следующие однокоренные группы слов:
1) muscle, muscular, musculature, musculation;
2) to contract, contracted, contracting, contractile, contraction;
3) to vary, variant, various, variable, variation, variety;
4) to connect, connecting, connection, connective;
Задание 4. Переведите следующие словосочетания:
1. общий вес тела;
2. основные типы мышечной ткани;
3. сердечная мышца;
4. гладкая мышца;
5. поперечно-полосатая мышца;
6. непроизвольно сокращающиеся мышцы;
7. произвольно сокращающиеся мышцы;
8. скелетные мышцы;
9. мышцы внутренних органов;
10. соединительная ткань;
11. изменения внутри организма;
12. в ответ на;
13. быстро реагировать на изменения;
14. характерная особенность;
15. производить различные движения;
16. двигательные нервные волокна;
Задание 5. Заполните пропуски подходящими по смыслу словами, данными ниже:
1. Smooth muscle tissue … of long cells.
2. Muscles have both motor and … nerve fibres.
3. We call striated muscles ….
4. There are three … of muscular tissue
5. The visceral muscles … slowly to changes within the body.
6. Smooth muscle fibres … into bundles by connective tissue.
7. Muscles are the active part of ….
8. Cardiac muscle is under involuntary....
9. Smooth muscles can … slowly.
10. Striated muscle is richer in blood vessels than ….
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the smooth muscle, react, consists, contract, the motor apparatus, are bound, voluntary muscles, sensory, main types, control.
Задание 5. Подберите дефиницию для слов из левой колонки:
| 1. cardiac muscle | A. is a form of striated muscle tissue which is under the voluntary control of the somatic nervous system. |
| 2. fibre | B. to recognize or establish as being a particular person or thing. |
| 3. muscle | C. is a cellular organizational level intermediate between cells and a complete organ. |
| 4. skeletal muscle | D. is involuntary striated muscle that is found in the walls and histological foundation of the heart, specifically the myocardium. |
| 5. visceral muscle | E. is a soft tissue found in most animals. |
| 6.to identify | F. is a natural or synthetic string used as a component of composite materials. |
| 7. tissue | G. is tissue associated with the internal organs of the body, especially those in the abdominal cavity. |
