-
230102 -
230105
()
()
()
1,2,3
2,3,4,5
2006
, 230102 - , 230105 - , 27.03.2000 .
:
. . , ... ___________..
, .
:
, ..-.. _______________..
. . :
, ... _______________..
. . :
, ... _______________..
1. ... 4
2. .. 5
3. .. 6
3.1. . 6
3.2. . 10
3.3. . 13
3.4. .. 14
3.5. / . 16
3.6. . 16
3.7. .. 17
3.8. .. 18
3.9. .. 20
3.10. - . 22
3.11. - . 24
4. . 25
5. ... 27
5.1. . 27
5.2. 1. 27
5.3. 2. 31
6. . 32
6.1 1. 32
6.2 2. 32
6.3 3. 32
6.4 4. 32
6.5 5. 33
7. ... 34
7.1 . 34
7.2 . 34
8. - . 36
. 37
1.
- . , Object Pascal () Delphi, WINDOWS. .
2.
.
- 18
- 18
- 20
|
|
|
- 4
- 60
3,4
3
4
5
.
, .
( ).
, :
- ;
- -;
- ;
- , ;
- .
: 175 , 260 .
3.
3.1.
. Delphi - . - () () , . . : , , .. Delphi - - (Object Pascal). - , , . ( ) , [1-3].
, Windows . . . , , , .. . , , (, ).
, Delphi-.
Delphi. :
;
;
(Component Palette);
(Object Inspector);
;
(Code Editor).
Delphi: ( , . 1), - .
.1. Delphi
. : File, Edit, Search, View, Project, Run, Component, Database, Tools, Help (.1).
File . (New Application), (New Form New Unit), (Open Close), (Close All), , (Save, Save As, Save Project As, Save All). - (Alt+F11) Uses .
|
|
|
Edit (Align to Grid, Align), , (Bring to Front, Send to Back), (Size), (Scale) ..
Search (Find, Replace, Search Again, Incremental Search) . View . Project (Compile, Build All) (Syntax Check). Run . Component . Database . Tools .
.
. . (. 1). , . , . , , Shift - . , . , , .
. . , : (Properties) (Events) (. 2). , F11. : , - . (). . +, , +Font.
. , , - (), . , . () . .
(Width, Name ..) . (Align, Cursor ..) , . (Font, Picture, Glyph ..) , .
. - Windows, . . . . , . / . Shift , , . Delete. . , .
|
|
|
, . Edit=> Align ( View=> Alignment Palette ). - Left . , .
. , Delphi . :
*.dpr. Object Pascal,
. () ;
, : *.pas *.dfm. ;
*.res. , , , ;
*.dof;
*.drf, *.dsk, *.dsm. .
Delphi- ( Unitl.pas, Unit2.pas,...) (Projectl.dpr). . Delphi- : *.dpr, *.dfm, *.pas, *.res. .
. . . Unitl.pas, Forml, . (, , , ..). . () begin end. . end. , Unitl :
unit Unitl; { }
interface { }
uses { , }
Windows, Messages, SysUtils, Classes,Graphics, Controls, Forms, Dialogs;
type { , }
TForml = class (TForm)
Button 1: TButton;
procedure ButtonlClick(Sender: TObject);
private { }
public { }
end;
var { }
Forml: Tforml;
{ }
procedure ;
procedure ;
{ }
implementation
{$R *.DFM} { }
procedure TForml.ButtonlClick(Sender: Tobject);
begin
{ }
end;
end. { }
3.2.
. 60 - 70- .. . [1-3].
|
|
|
, (, ). ( ): , , .. , (), . , :
| and | mod | else | record |
| array | nil | end | repeat |
| begin | not | file | set |
| case | of | for | then |
| const- | or | function | to |
| div- | Packed - | Goto- | type |
| do | procedure- | if | until |
| Downto- | program | in | var |
:
- : boolean (), char (), integer (), real (), text ( ) ..;
- : false (), true (), maxint ( ), pi ( ) ..;
- : abs, arctan, cos, exp, In, sin ..;
- : read, readln, write, writeln, inc, dec ..
, , .
, (, ), , .., , _.
.
. Pascal :
program < >;
| uses | ; |
| label | ; |
| const | ; |
| type | ; |
| var | ; |
| procedure | ; |
| function |
Begin
< >
End.
() ;. (end.).
Delphi , . , , : ( MyName myname) .
. - , { }. . . //. . $. .
. . , .
, . , . Var :
var < 1>: < 1>;
< n>: < n>;
.
: . , . .
. .
, , . , , . , (:=).
|
|
|
:
Var a: integer;
Begin
a := 100;
End;
:
1. .
2. 3, 5.6, 8.95.
3. (Help) .
3.3.
. . , , . : ( , integer ,), ( , real - ), (char) (boolean) [1-3].
, , 5.04, -12.109, . -5.2+2 -520.0, 16.1-3 - 0.0161. +2 10 +2, -3 - 10-3,
NEm = N*10m
(char) - ASCII. - , , , '', '5', '%'.
(boolean) : false () true ().
( ) , . (succ, pred).
. , type. () type :
type < 1> = < 1>;
< n> = < n>
, .
() , , -, :
type < > = ( < 1>, < 2>,...,< n> );
.
( ):
type week = (mon, tue, wed, the, fri, sat, sun);
color = (red, green, yellow, white);
- day avto :
var day: week;
avto: color;
, , :
day:= fri; avto:= green; avto:= red.
0. ord, pred succ. ,
ord(avto) = 0, ord(day) = 4, pred(day) = the, succ(day) = sat.
.
. :
type < > = < 1>.. < 2>
. (weekdays, workdays, months), , . dayl, day2, day3 month :
Type weekdays = (mon, tue, wed, the, fri, sat, sun);
workdays = mon..fri;
months = 1..12;
var dayl, day2: weekdays;
day3: workdays;
month: months;
(string). , 255 . , . :
type t = string[10];
const s = 'Bye!';
var top: t; w: string;
.
:
const < 1>: < 1> = < 1>;
< n>: < > = < n>
:
const : char = ''; n: integer = 5; k: real = 1.73; F: Boolean=true;
:
1. .
2. .
3. , succ() pred()
4. , .
3.4.
, ( ) . , *, +, -, &, / .. : x+y.
. . , .
: , , , , , .. ( ) ( ), .
, () , . (+) (-). (+), (-), (*), (/), (div), (mod). Integer. , .
Boolean. : (not), (and), (or) (xor). , , . , X andY True(), , X Y True.
Delphi and or: ( ).
: (not), (and), (or), (xor), (shl), (shr). :
- not , ;
- and, or xor , .
(+), , (=, <>, <, >, <=, >=). .
. . , . : , True, False. . . , ASCII [1-3].
:
1. .
2. ? (a*k, ak)?
3. X :
x:= 10; x:= x+3;
4. : 20 div 6; 20 mod 6; round(6.9);
/ .
/ read write, DOS. Windows Delphi Edit Label .
Caption Label Text Edit ( string) , :
Label1.Caption:= ;
Label1 : . , . , integer, :
Label1.Caption:= IntToStr(a); //
b real, FloatToStr(b);
Edit Text. , Edit.Text string, :
Var a: integer; b: real;
begin
a:= strtoint(Edit1.text); //
b:= strtofloat(Edit2.text); //
end;
3.6.
. true () false (). . , , , not, and or. :
1- not, 2 - and, 3 - or
1 < < 5 : (1 < ) and (x < 5). < 1; > 5 : ( < 1) or (x > 5). , , .
if. if . : .
:
If < > then < 1> else < 2>;
. , 1, - 2. 1 2 .
: if a>0 then x:=a*b else X:=0;
if :
If < > then < 1>;
. 1 .
. =20.
if > 12 then := 2 * ;
z:= 10;
if x < 5 then z:= 10 + x / 2;
: y = 40, z = 10.
: GOTO, CASE.
:
1. GOTO CASE
2. , : X:= a or b and c;
3. ; .
4. : , b , a ≥ b ≥ c.
3.7.
. : , .
(for). for.
For < >: = < 1> to < 2> do < 1>;
, , , 1 2 .
. 1. (), 2, 1. , 2 . . , 2, .
. s = 0.
for i:= 4 to 6 do begins:= s + i; z:= 2 * i end;
s 0+4+5+6=15, z -12.
for:
for <>:= < 1> downto < 2> do < 1>;
, , -1.
!
(while). while :
while < > do < 1>;
. , 1. .
. , s = 4, s = 0.
while <= 8 do begin s:= s + x; x:= x + 1 end;
s=4+5+6+7+8= 30, x = 9.
:
1. x = 10! () .
2. 100 . .
3. S- , Delphi; , .
4. k- n.
3.8.
(array) - () , .
. - . , .
:
array [<>] of < >;
( ) .
type, const var. - .
. mymas, (-) zatraty mymas A, al mymas B, 7 , C 100 -.
type mymas = array [1..10] of real;
day = (mon, tue, wed, the, fri, sat, sun);
const zatraty: mymas =(1.2, 1, 1, 2, 8, 2.4, 8.7, 3, 7, 1.3);
var a, al: mymas;
b: array[day] of integer;
: array [1..100] of char;
. , := al al . . :
< > [ < > ]
( ) , , [1] - a, b[tue] - B.
. :
[1]:= 15.1;b[tue]:= 3; [1]:= V; [2]:= b
zatraty :
zatraty[l] = 1.2; zatraty[2] = 1;...; zatraty[10] =1.3.
. (5050) :
s:= 0;
for i:= 1 to 100 do
Begin
a[i]:= i;
s:= s + a[i]
end;
label1.caption:=inttostr(s);
for, while repeat , .
. . : , - , . , [1, 2] - .
- bal, 2 4 , sutki, 24 60 , 9 9 (.. 9*9=81 ).
const n = 9;
bal: array [1..2, 1..4] of integer=((4, 3, 5, 3), (4, 4, 5, 3));
var sutki: array [0..23] of array [0..59] of integer;
p: array [l..n, l..n] of integer;
bal :
bal[l, 1] = 4, bal[l, 2] = 3,..., bal[2, 3] - 5, bal[2, 4] = 3.
:
sutki[16][20]:=5; sutki[16,20]:=5;
:
1. ? ?
2. ( )?
3. -.
4. , :
var A,B: array[1..15,0..8] of real; t: Boolean;?
) A:= B; ) A:= A + B; ) t:= A <> B; ) A[1]:= B[1]; ) A[1]:= A[15];
) A[2,3]:= B[4][8] + B[1,1];
3.9.
. , , :
- , ;
- , ;
- , ( ).
, . ( , ) ( ). . , .
, " ". , , . , , "", . . , , ( ), - "" , , . , "", . , , . , , , . , - , .
. - . , . , . , - ( ). .
:
- (), ;
- , () , ;
- ( ), , .
, , , .
:
Procedure <> ( < > ); [< >];
< >;
Begin
< >
end;
:
Function <> ( < > ): < >; [<>];
< >;
Begin
< , :
:= >
end;
, . , . .
Object Pascal : .
. , , . .
, , , . .
, , . .
. () . , :
MyProc(3, 6);
:
X:= Myfunc(3, 6);
.
:
1. . .
2. .
3. ?
