, , . , IP-.
IP . TCP/IP , IP. , .
UDP (User Datagram Protocol) , IP. , . UDP , NFS (Network File System) SNMP (Simple Network Management Protocol) .
Telnet .
FTP (File Transfer Protocol) , , .
SMTP (Simple Mail Transfer Protocol) , .
ARP (Address Resolution Protocol) , () IP- Ethernet . RARP (Reverse Address Resolution Protocol) .
, , . , Ethernet : FTP/TCP/IP/IEEE 803.2 .
, Internet :
- Telnet , , ;
- Rsh (Remote Shell) , Telnet , UNIX;
- NFS (Network File System) , , ;
- Rexec (Remote Execution) Unix-;
- Lpr , () ;
- Lpq , , ;
- Talk () , ;
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- Intunnet NetWare, , Internet;
- Whois Internet, ;
- Finger ;
- Webster ;
- - , - ;
- , ;
- , TCP/IP.
Internet , , . (dial-up) , Internet.
. -, . , , -. , .
, SLIP PPP. -; , , .
Internet , . (on-line) , , , . Web- Internet IP-. ( ), Internet.
, ( ) - .
, ( ) .
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- ();
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: ; , , , .
. FDM Frequency Division Multiplexing TDM Time Division Multiplexing , . TDM, DSL Digital Subscriber Line.
, .
. 70.
. .
, . , , . , . , , 46 1500 . , , , , (. 71). .
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(User-to-Network Interface, UNI). , , UNI ( .25).
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(Network-to-Network Interface, NNI) .
. (. 72). , , , . ,
. , , .
, , . (store-and-forward) (off-line) .