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34
: / . . , . . , . . , . . . : , 2012. 126 .
SBN
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514.18
22.115.2
SBN . . , . . ,
. . , . . , 2012
, 2012
̲
................................................................................... 4
1 .................................................................................. 5
1.1 ................................................ 7
1.2 ........................................................................... 15
1.3 ....................................................... 35
2 ................................................................................ 45
2.1 ............................ 45
2.2 ..................................................... 101
.............................................................................................. 112
˳.............................................................................................. 121
Ͳ
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³ , - , , . , .
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|
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1
. | 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | 9 | 10 |
01 21 41 61 81 | 02 22 42 62 82 | 03 23 43 63 83 | 04 24 44 64 84 | 05 25 45 65 85 | 06 26 46 66 86 | 07 27 47 67 87 | 08 28 48 68 88 | 09 29 49 69 89 | 10 30 50 70 90 | |
. | 11 | 12 | 13 | 14 | 15 | 16 | 17 | 18 | 19 | 20 |
11 31 51 71 91 | 12 32 52 72 92 | 13 33 53 73 93 | 14 34 54 74 94 | 15 35 55 75 95 | 16 36 56 76 96 | 17 37 57 77 97 | 18 38 58 78 98 | 19 39 59 79 99 | 20 40 60 80 00 |
: 2.301-68, 2.302-68, 2.303-68, 2.304-81, 2.104-68.
1
. 1, 2, 3 , 4, 5, 9 10 - , - . .
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1.1
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a, b, c, d | ˳ | |
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1, 2, 3, , i, | ||
xyz | ||
XA, YA, ZA, , XB, YB, ZB |
1.1
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1, 1, Σ1, 2, 2, Σ2, i, i, Σ i, | , , () 1, 2, - | |
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1.1
1.
: , .
:
1) [ ];
2) 1 2;
3) l, ;
4) h, , , [ ].
( . 1.1)
1 [ ] , X, O , .
2 [ 0 0] , - - . 1 Z 1 1. . 2 Y 2 2 .
3 1 a [ 0 0] 1 1. 2 [ 0 0] 2 2.
4 l , : - , l1 || 1 1 l2 || 2 2
5 h , 1 (h 2 || O x).
2. ³ .
: , , D.
:
1) D θ [ ];
2) Ω θ [ ABC ] d 0/2 .
3) α Ω θ, [ ].
( . 1.2)
1 θ [ ] D .
2 l D θ[ ], , , , , . , . l , l 1 h 1, l2 f 2. ϳ , , Σ. ³ d = [ D 0 K 0] .
|
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3 Ω b, L, [ DK ]. , , , . 1 || 1 1 ; 2 || 2 2 b 1 || 1 C 1 ; b 2 || 2 C 2.
4 3. , θ [ ], Ω b, L.
3. ³ .
: A, B, C, D.
:
1) θ [ ABCD ].
2) d 0 ;
3) φ0 .
( . 1.3)
1 [ abcd ] . .
2 d 0 , ( A D). , . 4 || ( 14 || 1 1). 4 2. 5 ( 45 4 4). , 5 1.
3 φ0 , , ; , , . φ0 . φ0 [ ] [ ABD ].
4 NK 1 2 (N 4 K 4; N 1 K 1; N 2 K 2).
4.
: θ ( - 50 , - 60 ) Σ 2, ().
Σ a 1.
:
1) θ;
2) θ Σ;
3) ;
4) .
( . 1.4)
1 . , .
|
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2 2 . . 4 Σ. 4 1. : N 4 4 = N 1 1; P 4 L 4 = P 1 L 1.
3 , , . ϳ . . , , . , , ' .
4 , . ˳ .
5.
: θ 100 , 110 Σ 2, ().
Σ a 1.
:
1) θ;
2) θ Σ.
( . 1.5)
1 .
2 2 . 1 , . . , 1 7, 4 10. ³ 1 7 4 10 . . 4 Σ. 4 1. ³ 24 , .
6. .
: θ1 θ2 l.
:
1) θ1 ( -);
2) l θ1;
3) l θ1 .
( . 1.6)
1 θ1 l , - '.
2 ˳ -, . ', , . . . , . , .
3 N 1 N 2 l θ1 , l ( - Σ). l . l '.
4 .
7.
|
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1) ( -);
2) .
( . 1.7)
1 , . ˳ -, ( i).
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8. .
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( . 1.8)
1 2.305-68 2.307-68.
2 , . , . :
- ;
- 75% ;
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3 , 2.307-68, .
9. . , ,
,
: .
:
1) ;
2) - , α = 45 ;
3) .
( . 1.9)
1 2.305-69.
2 . ᒺ .
3 .
4 ³ 2.307-68 .
5 . , . , , , , , . 2.317-69 .
10. . ,
: .
: .
( . 1.10)
1 2.305-69.
2 , . , . , , , ' . ³ 2.307-68 .
1.2
1
1, 2, 3. : A (40, 5, 55); B (0, 50, 10); C (65, 20, 0); D (70, 65, 60).
4. ³ = 30 , 1 α = 60.
5. ³ = 30 , 1 α = 65.
6 | 7 | 8 |
9. 110 . . ij , , 88 . ij , , 44 . ij 30 .
10. 110 . ij 88 , 48 . ij 32 .
, . ³ . . , , 60 , 32 . ³ 40 .
2
1, 2, 3. : A (20, 10, 20); B (75, 25, 50); C (90, 85, 0); D (30, 50, 45).
4. ³ = 35 , 1 α = 55.
5. ³ = 40 , 1 α = 60.
6 | 7 | 8 |
9. - 110 . ij - 88 , - 48 . ij - 32 .
10. - , , X Y, 110 . - 120 . 38 , . ij - 40 .
3
1, 2, 3. : A (65, 25, 70); B (0, 40, 40); C (90, 90, 15); D (15, 70, 100).
4. ³ = 55 , 1 α = 35.
5. ³ = 40 , 1 α = 40.
6 | 7 | 8 |
9. - 110 . ij - 100 , - 60 . ij - 40 .
10. - 110 , - 88 . , 60 X Y.
, . ij - 60 .
4
1, 2, 3. : A (40, 70, 5); B (0, 30, 30); C (65, 25, 45); D (20, 80, 65).
4. ³ = 60 , 1 α = 30.
5. ³ = 45 , 1 α = 35.
6 | 7 | 8 |
9. - 110 , - 88 . , 60 X Y.
10. - 120 . ij - 110 , - 15 .
. : - 28 , - 54 . , 16 , , - .
5
1, 2, 3. : A (45, 55, 10); B (0, 25, 35); C (60, 10, 60); D (80, 30, 35).
4. ³ = 40 , 1 α = 40.
5. ³ = 30 , 1 α = 60.
6 | 7 | 8 |
9. - 110 . ij - 100 , - 60 . ij , 40 , X Y.
10. - 110 , - 88 . ϳ , - . ij 60 .
, - 40 . ³ 80 .
6
1, 2, 3. : A (45, 0, 60); B (80, 45, 15); C (15, 10, 10); D (10, 60, 55).
4. ³ = 45 , 1 α = 50.
5. ³ = 35 , 1 α = 55.
6 | 7 | 8 |
9. - 110 , - 88 . , - . ij 60 X Y.
10. - 110 . ij - 100 , - 60 ; - 40 .
, . ³ . ij , , - 40 . .
7
1, 2, 3. : A (25, 30, 50); B (65, 50, 10); C (10, 60, 40); D (0, 30, 15).
4. ³ = 45 , 1 α = 45.
5. ³ = 50 , 1 α = 40.
6 | 7 | 8 |
9. - 110 , - 88 , - 14 .
10. - 110 . . ij , , - 100 . - , 40 X Y.
, . ij - 40 .
8
1, 2, 3. : A (88, 50, 10); B (62, 0, 60); C (20, 0, 30); D (28, 34, 50).
4. ³ = 60 , 1 α = 40.
5. ³ = 55 , 1 α = 35.
6 | 7 | 8 |
9. 110 . . ij , , - 100 . - , 40 X Y.
10. - 110 . ij - 90 , - 15 .
, . - 60 . , - . : - 50 , - 40 . , . ij - 30 .
9
1, 2, 3. : A (105, 0, 95); B (80, 75, 30); C (0, 30, 15); D (15, 70, 100).
4. ³ = 60 , 1 α = 30.
5. ³ = 65 , 1 α = 30.
6 | 7 | 8 |
9. - 110 . . ij , , - 100 . ij - 40 .
10. - 10 . .
ij , , - 100 , - 15 .
, . ij - 50 .
10
1, 2, 3. : A (40, 65, 20); B (0, 10, 50); C (55, 20, 40); D (65, 15, 30).
4. ³ = 55 , 1 α = 35.
5. ³ = 60 , 1 α = 40.
6 | 7 | 8 |
9. - 110 . .
ij , , - 100 , - 15 .
10. - 110 . ij 100 X Y. ij - 40 .
, . ij - 56 .
11
1, 2, 3. : A (0, 15, 40); B (60, 60, 75); C (85, 45, 10); D (50, 5, 45).
4. ³ = 45 , 1 α = 50.
5. ³ = 50 , 1 α = 55.
6 | 7 | 8 |
9. - 110 . ij - 100 50 - X Y. ij - 30 .
10. - 110 . . ij , , - 100 . , 60 X Y.
, . ij - 40 .
12
1, 2, 3. : A (35, 70, 0); B (60, 40, 20); C (20, 25, 45); D (70, 85, 50).
4. ³ = 40 , 1 α = 55.
5. ³ = 50 , 1 α = 55.
6 | 7 | 8 |
9. - 110 . . ij , , - 100 . , 60 X Y.
10. ' - 110 . . ij , , - 100 . ij - 50 .
, . . ij , , - 50 . .
13
1, 2, 3. : A (25, 5, 70); B (65, 30, 30); C (0, 45, 25); D (45, 65, 80).
4. ³ = 35 , 1 α = 60.
5. ³ = 50 , 1 α = 35.
6 | 7 | 8 |
9. ' - 110 . . ij , , - 100 . ij - 50 .
10. - 110 . . ij , , - 100 . ij - 50 .
, . , , 40 , .
14
1, 2, 3. : A (70, 25, 5); B (15, 55, 35); C (20, 5, 50); D (50, 75, 40).
4. ³ = 40 , 1 α = 30.
5. ³ = 40 , 1 α = 40.
6 | 7 | 8 |
9. - 110 . ij - 100 . ij , , , - 80 . .
10. - 110 . . ij , , - 120 . ij , , - 80 . ij - 20 .
, . ³ . : - 40 , - 20 .
15
1, 2, 3. : A (15, 17, 0); B (60, 40, 20); C (0, 25, 45); D (0, 45, 10).
4. ³ = 45 , 1 α = 35.
5. ³ = 60 , 1 α = 30.
6 | 7 | 8 |
9. - 110 . . ij , , - 120 . ij , , - 80 . ij - 20 .
10. - 120 . ij , , - 100 . . ij