(igneous rocks) ( ). - - 550 1500, 12% . ( ) . , .
, . ( ), , . , - ( , , , ) .
, (. . ), , :
1) ():
(),
().
2) :
(),
.
2.2.1. ( - intrusive rocks), ( . - ) () (, , , .),
:
(). , , , ( ), , .
(). () , , , , . , , , , . , , , . , , , , , .
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. , , . , , , - , . , , , . . - , , .
, :
1. , , , -, -, -;.
2. , , (, . .).
3. , , (-, -, -, - . .)
4. () . , , , , , , , , .
.
1) : (holocrystal-line texsture), (granular texture) (.49), .. .
2) ( ) (. 50 ): - (> 10 );
- (coarse grained)(10- 3 );
- (medium grained)(3-1 );
- (bine-grained)(1- 0,5 );
- () <0.5 .
3) :
- (equigranular, evengrai-ned texture) , , (.50);
- (inequigranular texture) . (porphyraceous texture) , , - , , -, - (.51).
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: - (massive structure) , . (. . ) , (.52), - , , .
(linear structure) , (plane-parallel structure) .
- (banded, striped structure) - , , - .
2.2.2. (effusive; volcanic).
, (. 53).
( ) , . ( ) . , ( .53 ). , , , , .
. :
- (hypocrystalline texture), , (. 54);
- (vitrous texture), -(,), . 54;
- - , .54 ,;
- ( . 54);
(porphyritic texture) , , (vitrous texture) (.54).
(massive structure) (.54), :
- (porous structure), , , ). .
- (amygdaloidal structure),
: , , , , (. 55).
- (flow structure) , , , , (.56).
. , , , , , , . (.57).
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. . , , . (< 0.1), ( 0.1- 2 ), ( 1-3 ), (>3 ). , . , , , . , .. , . 1 , .
. ( 58).
, , , , .
( ) ( - ). , ..