GSM
2004
. 2
1 GSM... 5
1.1. . 5
1.2. . 5
1.3. . 6
1.4. (GSM) 7
1.4.1 GSM. GSM. 7
1.4.2 ETSI GSM... 8
1.5 GSM... 9
1.6. , . 10
1.7 GSM... 14
AUC.. 15
1.8 SS. 16
1.8.1 (MSC) 16
1.8.2 (HLR) 16
1.8.3 (VLR) 16
1.8.4 (AUC) 17
1.9 BSS. 17
1.9.1 (BSC) 17
1.9.2 (BTS) 17
1.9.3 . 17
1.9.4 (MS) 17
1.10 GSM... 18
1.10.1 . 18
1.10.2 (LA) 19
1.10.3 MSC (SA) 19
1.10.4 PLMN.. 19
1.10.5 GSM... 19
1.11. GSM... 21
1.12 . 22
2 - . 24
2.1 . 24
2.1.1 . 24
2.1.2. .. 24
2.1.3. . 25
2.1.4. .. 25
2.1.5. . 26
2.1.6. . 26
2.1.7. . 27
2.1.8 . 27
2.1.9 . 27
2.1.10. : (TDMA) 28
2.2 . 28
2.2.1. . 28
2.2.2. .. 28
, . 28
2.2.3. . 29
2.2.4. .. 29
2.2.5. . 29
2.3. , . 29
2.3.1. (Path loss) 29
2.3.2. (Shadowing) 29
2.3.3. (Multipath fading) 30
2.3.4. (Rayleigh fading) 30
2.3.5. (Time Dispersion) 30
2.3.6. (Time Alignment) 31
2.3.7. (Combined Signal Loss) 31
2.4 , . 32
2.4.1. (Interleaving) 33
2.4.2. (Antenna Diversity) 33
2.4.3. (Adaptive Equalization) 35
2.4.4. (Frequency Hopping) 35
2.4.5. (Timing Advance) 36
2.5 GSM... 38
2.5.1. - . (Analog To Digital (A/D) Conversion) 38
2.5.2. (Segmentation) 40
2.5.3. (Speech Coding) 40
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2.5.4. (Channel Coding) 41
2.5.5. (Interleaving) 42
2.5.6. (Ciphering/Encryption) 43
2.5.7. (Burst Formatting) 43
2.5.8. . 44
3 GSM... 45
3.1. .. 45
3.1.1. .. 45
3.1.2. (Bursts) 48
3.2. . 51
3.2.1. 0, 0. 52
3.2.2. 0, 1. 52
3.2.3. 0, .. 52
3.3. MS. 53
4 - GPRS . 54
4.1 GPRS. 54
4.2 (BSS) 55
(CSS) 55
4.3.1 (AUC) 55
4.3.2 (PSS) 55
4.3.3 GGSN.. 55
4.3.4 .. 56
GGSN.. 58
GPRS. 59
4.5.1 . 59
4.5.2 SMS GPRS.. 59
4.6 GPRS (GGSN) 60
4.7 GGSN.. 60
4.8 .. 60
4.9 GPRS. 61
5 - . 63
. 63
.. 63
AUC.. 63
5.2. / (MSC/VLR) 63
5.2.1 MSC.. 63
5.2.2 (VLR) 64
5.2.3 (GMSC) 65
5.2.4 (HLR) 65
5.2.5 ILR.. 66
5.2.6 AUC EIR.. 66
5.2.7 . 70
5.2.8 (MC) 71
6 - . 72
6.1 . 72
6.1.1 .. 72
6.1.2 . 73
6.1.3 . 73
6.2 . 73
6.2.1 TRC.. 73
6.3 (BSC) 74
6.3.1 BSC.. 74
6.4 . 76
6.4.1 BS.. 76
6.4.2 BTS.. 76
7 - . 79
. 79
7.2 . 79
7.2.1 .. 79
7.2.2 , . 80
7.2.3 (Active mode) 86
7.2.4 . 86
7.2.5 . 87
7.3 (SIM) 87
7.3.1 SIM-. 87
7.3.2 . 88
7.3.3 , SIM... 88
7.3.4 MS.. 90
8 - GSM... 91
8.1 . 91
8.2 . 91
8.2.1 (MSISDN) 91
8.2.2 (IMSI) 91
8.2.3 (TMSI) 91
8.2.3 MS (IMEI) 92
8.2.4 MS (IMEISV) 92
8.3 . 92
8.3.1 MS (MSRN) 92
8.3.2 (LAI) 93
8.3.3 CGI 93
8.3.4 (BSIC) 93
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8.3.5 LN.. 94
8.3.6 (RSZI) 94
8.3.7 . 94
9 - . 95
9.1 : MS IDLE.. 95
9.1.1 MS . 95
9.1.2 . 96
9.1.3 . 97
9.2 : MS . 98
9.2.1 (MS PSTN) 99
9.2.2 (PSTN - MS) 99
9.2.3 (Handover) 101
9.3 . 104
9.3.1 IMSI (IMSI Attach) 105
9.3.2 MS.. 105
9.3.3 Dropback. 105
9.3.4 . 106
9.3.5 SMS MS.. 106
9.3.6 SMS.. 106
10 - . 108
10.1 . 109
10.1.1 : . 109
10.1.2 . 112
10.1.3 . 119
10.1.4 . 121
10.1.5 .. 121
10.2 . 122
10.2.1 . 122
10.2.2 . 125
10.3 . 125
1 GSM
. , . . , .
(1G) , , . , .
(2G) . , . GSM 2G. 2G. , 2.5 G. 2.5 G GPRS (General Packet Radio Services) , . (IN), ( ) , SMS ( ) .
2G, , . (3G), , , (). 2G, , , , . 3G (UMTS).
, GSM , .
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| Reginald Fesseden . . | |
| J.A. Fleming , . | |
| 2 . . | |
| 1930- | () . |
| () . , . . | |
| 1940- | (FCC) , (DPLM). DPLM 1946 . - (St. Louis). 150 . 1947 - , 35-40 . |
| D.H. Ring Bell Laboratories . | |
| Shockley, Bardeen Brittain Bell Laboratories , , , . | |
| Bell Systems . | |
| AT&T (IMTS). |
| FCC . | |
| (, , , ) . (Nordic Mobile Telephone - NMT), . | |
| NMT , , . . | |
| FCC (Illinois Bell telephone Company). | |
| NMT 450. | |
| (GSM). | |
| 200 . | |
| GPRS. | |
| , 3G, 3G. | |
| 3G . | |
| TDMA GSM. |
, :
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.
, , :
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- (, ..).
2002 GSM 71% 68% .
, 1981 NMT 450, . , , . , , . , , :
1-2.
| NMT 450 | , | |||
| AMPS | ||||
| TACS | ||||
| NMT 900 | , | |||
| GSM | ||||
| TDMA (D-AMPS) (IS136) | ( AMPS) | |||
| CDMA One (IS 95) | , |
| GSM 1800 | ||||
| PDC | () | |||
| PCS 1900 | ||||
| UMTS | ||||
| GSM 800 |
