1. (. 1):
1.1. 1, U , 2.
1.2. h-, h11, h21 , R R.
1.3. U I, , K I, KV,KP
1.4. , 2, 3.
2. , :
2.1. , 2, 3.
2.2. ().
2.3. .
3. :
3.1. , .
3.2. .
3.3. ( , , ).
.
:
1.
1 | |||||||||||
1 | R, | ||||||||||
U m, | 0,5 | 1,5 | 2,5 | 2,25 | 1,75 | 1,25 | 0,75 | 1,0 | |||
2 | , | 4 | 4 | 4 | 4 | 4 | 4 | 4 | 4 | 4 | 4 |
Ku2 | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | |||
F, | - | - | - | - | - | - | |||||
RG2, | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | |||
3 | F* | _ X∙ ((Y+Z∙X) + A1)∙A2 | _ (X∙Z+Y)+A1 + A2 | _ _ X(Y+X∙Y∙Z) + A1∙A2 | X(Y∙Z+X)∙ (A1 + A2) | _ X∙Y∙(Z+X)+A1 + A2 | _ _ _X∙Y∙(Z+X)+A1 + A2 | _ _ _ X∙ (Y+Z+X)+A1∙A2 | _ X∙Y∙Z+Z∙X∙Y+A1 +A2 | _ X∙Y∙(Z+X∙Y)+A1 + A2 | _ X∙ (Y∙Z + X∙Y)∙A1 + A2 |
:
2
1 | RG, | ||||||||||
2 | RG1, |
|
|
3 | 1 | _ _ _ X∙Y∙Z | _ X∙Y∙Z | ___ X∙Y∙Z | _ _ X∙Y∙Z | _ _ X∙Y∙Z | ___ X∙Y∙Z | _ _ _ X∙Y∙Z | _ X∙Y∙Z | _ X∙Y∙Z | X∙Y∙Z |
:
3
1 | F, | ||||||||||
2 | Ku1 | ||||||||||
3 | A2 | _ X∙Y∙(Z∙X+ Z∙Y) | ___ _ X∙Y∙(X∙Z+ Z) | _ X∙Y∙(X∙Y+ X) | _ Y∙(Z + Z∙X) | _ Z∙Y∙(X∙Z+ X) | _ X∙(X∙Y∙Z+ Z∙Y) | _ _ Z∙(X∙Y∙Z+ Z∙Y) | _ (X∙Y + Z∙X)∙Z∙Y | ___ (Z∙Y+ Z∙X)∙Y∙Z | X∙Y |
:
4
M | 1,41 | |
2 | D, | |
Tm, 0C | ||
1.1
(. 1).
. 1.
:
R R R
KR = 1.2 ÷ 1.5 R ≤ 1
KR = 1.5 ÷ 5.0 R > 1
R 2.
:
( )
k - .
k=0,7÷0,95
k=0,7 ,
k=0,95 .
- :
U min = Um + U0
U0 -, , ;
U0 =1 ( ≤ 150);
U0 =2 ( > 150 ).
U min U=5, U=5, ,
U= U min
,
U .
:
1 :
)
|
|
)
I > I
) max m :
0,
max , ;
T0 , , 25;
, , max .
.
, (. 2)
U = 0,
U = U,
I = I . U (U=U ).
. 2 ( 1)
I ( ).
. 2
(. 2) - ( U) I = I- U
, :
I = (5 ÷ 10) I
R1 , R2
;
:
1.2
h11 ; ΔU , ΔI. h11:
h21. U = U ( , 2):
:
:
R ≈ R
1.3
, (. 2 ):
Im U m (. 2), . (. 2) . , KI, KU, KP
; ; KP=KIKU
:
1.4
1, 2 1. p1 2, 1:
:
;
1 2 ( 10 ) 3 ( 10 ).
2 :
C1 :
1
:
R = 270 ; Um = 2B; RG = 550 ; F = 20 ; = =1,41.
:
R = (1 + KR) R = (1 + 1,2) 270 = 594
RK 620 . :
:
- :
U min = Um + U0 = 2 + 1 = 3
. . U min U = 5, U = 5.
:
U = 20
|
|
R 390 .
315:
I =100 > I = 15
315 (. 3).
315 , ,
U = 0,
U = U,
I = I = 15∙10-3 , U
U=5 .
:
P = I U = 15.10-3.5 = 75 . 10-3
:
< max, , 315 .
I = 0,2 , U = 0,53
R1, R2.
I = (5 ÷ 10) I = 5 * 0,2 * 10 -3 = 1 * 10-3
:
;
R 2 6,2 .
:
R1 13 .
:
(. 2) h21 :
(. 2) h11 :
:
:
R ≈ R=620 .
, :
A/B
:
:
.
:
;
:
:
KP=KIKU = 18,2 * 73,8 = 1349
. :
, p1 2, 1, :
:
;
CP1 20 .
:
;
2 20.
:
,
C1 100 .
2.1
, 5, (. 4,, 4, , 4, , 4, ) 6, (. 4,). 2, 3. ( 10 ) 2. 10 , 3.
510 , .
, , , (R1=R2; . 4,; 4,6; 4,; 4,; R = R1 || R2; . 4,).
2.2.
4 Kuoy>>Ku1+ Ku2( . 4 , , , ; u2 = 0 ) :
|
|
RG <10 140 7, 140 6
10 < RG < 75 140 6, 140 14
75 < RG ≤ 600 140 14, 140 8, 544 1
600 < RG 140 8, 544 1.
.
D , ;
, ;
, .
, .
7.
7 :
Δi , ;
, / 0;
, 0;
, , 25;
U max , ;
D , ;
U , ;
, /.
U ≥ U ∑, . , 4 2.2 . .
2.3.
( 4,; 4,; 4,; 4,):
(. 4,) :
;
( 4, ) | R1 = (5÷10) RG1 | R2 = R1 | R3 = (Ku1 -1) R1 | |
( 4, ) | R1 = (5÷10) RG1 | R2 = R1 | R3 = Ku1 R1 | |
( 4, ) | R1 = (5÷10) RG1 | R2 = R1 | R3 = Ku1 R1 | - |
( 4, ) | R1 = (5÷10) RG1 | R2 = R1 | R3 = (Ku1 -1) R1 | - |
R1 | R2 | R3 | 1 | |
/ |
/ | Ku1RG1≥ Ku2RG2 | Ku1RG1 < Ku2RG2 | |
1 | R1 | R1 = (5÷10)RG1 | R1 = (5÷10)RG2 Ku2 / Ku1 |
2 | R2 | ||
3 | R3 | ||
4 | R1 |
/ | ||||||
4, | 4, | 4, | 4, | 4, | ||
1 | R | R = R2 | R = R2 | R = R2 | R = R2 | R = R2 |
2 | U | |||||
3 | U I | |||||
4 | , U U | |||||
5 | , U ∑ |
U ≥ U∑ , .
2
(. 4,), :
RG1 = 12 , RG2 = 47 , KU1 = 25, KU2 = 12, D = 30 .
:
RG1. KU1 = l2 * 103 * 25 = 3*105 ,
RG2. KU2 = 47 *103 * 12 = 5,64*105 ,
RG1. KU1 < RG2. KU2 , R 1 :
R1 = (5÷10) RG2 Ku2 / Ku1 = 5*47*103 * 12 /25 = 113*103 ,
2 R1 110 . :
R2 220 .
R, :
R3 75 .
:
R4 2,7.
RG = 47 (RG2 > RG1 ) KU = KU1 + KU2 = 37, 1406 4. 1406 .
KU = 70∙103. Δi =10∙109 ; UCMB = 5∙103 ; /; /; U max oy = 11 ; U = 15B.
|
|
U1 = + 15 , U2 = -15 .
:
:
, :
:
,
U , , 140 6 .
140 6 .
:
:
3.1
, :
)
X = 0 = 1,
= 1, = 0.
) ()
X + 0 = X
X + 1 = 1
X + X = X
X + = 1
0 + 0 = 0
1 + 0 = 1
1 + 1 = 1
) ()
0∙0 = 0
0∙1 = 0
1∙1 = 1
X∙0 = 0
X∙1 = X
X∙ = 0
)
+ = + , = .
)
(+)+Z=+(+Z), ()Z=(Z).
)
*(+Z)=+Z.
)
(+)=; +ӗ.
)
:
3.2
F (, , Z,...), F.
3.3
, F, : (, , ), 5.
3
:
F = XYZ + X + YZ.
, .
F = (Z+ ) + Z + Z = + Z (+ ) = XY+YZ = Y(X+Z)
.
X Z F
0 0 0 0
0 0 1 0
0 1 0 0
0 1 1 1
1 0 0 0
1 0 1 0
1 1 0 1
1 1 1 1
. 5 F = ( + Z)
1
8
315 | 315 | 375 | 375 | 3102 | 3102 | |
U , | ||||||
I , | ||||||
, | ||||||
50350 | 50360 | 10-100 | 50-140 | 100-250 | 200-600 | |
max,0 | ||||||
. 6 | ||||||
. 6 |
2
( )
24:
R = K 10n
K 24 (. . 9);
.
9
1.0 | 1.5 | 2.2 | 3.3 | 4.7 | 6.8 |
1.1 | 1.6 | 2.4 | 3.6 | 5.1 | 7.5 |
1.2 | 1.8 | 2.7 | 3.9 | 5.6 | 8.2 |
1.3 | 2.0 | 3.0 | 4.3 | 6.2 | 9.1 |
K50-6, 50-16
50-6, 50-16 10.
, | , | , | , |
6,3 | 16; 25 | ||
16; 25 | 100; 160 | ||