11
.
, ():
- (- );
- (- );
- (, -- )
.
:
- :
- ;
- .
.
1.
x1+x2=x2+x1 x1*x2=x2*x1
2.
(x1+x2)+x3=x1+(x2+x3) (x1*x2)*x3=x1*(x2*x3)
3.
x1*(x2+x3)=x1*x2+x1*x3
.
4.
x1+x1*x2=x1(1+x2)=x1 x1(x1+x2)=x1
5.
x1*x2+x1* =x1 (x1+x2)+(x1+ )=x1
6.
- .
. .
.
: .
:
) ( ) .
) :
- -;
- ;
- ;
- -;
- ( ).
1 | 2 | 3 | Y | |
. 11.1
Y - 3- 1, 2, 3
Y= + +
Y= + + = ( + )+ = + =
= ( + ) (10.1)
( + ): (10.2)
+ = - (10.3)
+ = - (10.4)
------------------------
+ + + = + (10.5)
(10.5) (10.3) (10.4)
1, 2 4- (10.5)
+ + = ( + )+ = (1+ )= (10.6)
(10.6) (10.5),
+ = + - (10.7)
(10.7) (10.1),
Y= ( + ) (10.8)
( )
|
|
( )
5-6
( ), .. .
Y= + + + + + + + (10.9)
.
.
, .
:
1)
2) () .
n ,
n =2 = 4
n =3 = 8
n =4 =16
. 11.2
: ,
3) 1 Y = 1 0 Y=0
: Y= + + (10.10)
. 11.3
4) - ,
:
- ;
- 1;
- 1, 2, 4, 8;
- ;
- ;
- .. , - ;
- .
. 11.4
(10.10)
. 11.5
5) ,
.
Y= + + + = ( + )+ ( + )
= ( + ) (10.8) (10.11)
2
1 | 2 | 3 | Y | |
. 11.6
Y2= + + +
. 11.7
Y2= + + + + + = + +
.
n>4