- b- 30-35% , b-, , . .
, , , . , , ( 2 , ). . . 500 º, Fe, Co, Ni = 700-1000 º, , . , , , , . , .
- , 4,0413 Å. . , 2,703 /3 20 ˚. , . (65% ), . Al2O3. , .
, , , - , . , , Fe Si.
, FeAl3. , , , (50-90%) . .
FeSiAl5, . , (Fe, Mn)3Si2Al15, , , . .
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, ( 0,4%) . 1,3% Si. , , , , , . , .
11069-74 - , 1583-93 - , 4784-74 - , ( 8.2).
8.2. : - ; - |
, . , , (), ( - - ). , - , ( ) .
1583-93 . , .
, 1583-93, :
I Al-Si. 12, 13, 9, 9, 9, 9, 8, 7, 7, 7, 10.
II Al-Si-Cu. 5, 5, 52, 57, 62, 8, 54, 83, 83, 92, 122, 12, 122, 212,52,5.
III Al-Cu. 5, 4,5.
IV Al-Mg. 41,5, 5, 5, 6, 6, 10, 10, 11, 7.
V . 79, 96, 4.
: Tl - , 2 - , 4 - , 5 - , 6 - , 7 - .
Al-Si. Tl , , , . , , - . T1 , . , , - , , . ( 2) , , I . . 300, 2...4 . ( 4) Al-Mg. 4 , , , . 6 . 5 , 6. - ( 6). 5 6 Al-Si. 7 - (), , 6 . 2 16 . . 80...100.
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(). 5 14% Si, .. . , (a + Si) . 2 (12) 10-13% Si. . : s = 120 160 d < 1% ( 8.2).
, : , . , . , , , . . , .
, , , . , , , . a- , ( 8.3).
8.2 -
s, | d, % | ||||
12(2) | , , , , | - - - 2 2 2 | 4,0 2,0 1,0 4,0 3,0 2,0 | 50,0 50,0 50,0 50,0 50,0 50,0 | |
13(13) | - | 1,5 | 60,0 | ||
9(4) | , , , , , , , , | - - 1 6 6 6 | 2,0 2,0 1,5 3,0 3,0 2,0 | 50,0 50,0 60,0 70,0 70,0 70,0 | |
5(5) | , , , , , , | 1 5 5 6 7 6 | 0,5 0,5 0,5 0,5 1,0 1,0 | 65,0 70,0 70,0 70,0 65,0 70,0 | |
83 (8) | , , | 4 5 - 5 2 5 5 7 7 | 5,0 4,0 2,0 2,0 1,5 1,0 2,0 1,0 2,5 | 90,0 75,0 90,0 60,0 90,0 90,0 80,0 85,0 | |
122 (30) | 1 6 | 0,5 0,7 | 90,0 100,0 |
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2 (12) : s = 170 - 220 , d = 3 12%.
, , , , . , . Mg, Cu Mn. : 4 (9% Si, 0,25% Mg 0,4% Mn) 5 (5% Si, 1,2 Cu 0,5% Mg).
8.3. - (), 12 (2) () () |
200-230 d ³ 2-3%. - , , Mg2Si, .
-19 10 4-5% Cu 9-11% Cu ( 8.3).
, .
Al-Mg (-23, -27). 6-13% Mg. 300-450 d = 10-25%. : .
8.3 -
s, | d, % | , | |||
5 (19) | , , , , | 4 5 7 | 8,0 4,0 2,0 | 70,0 90,0 80,0 | |
4,5 (10) | , , , | 4 4 5 5 6 6 7 | 10,0 12,0 7,0 8,0 4,0 4,0 5,0 | 70,0 80,0 90,0 100,0 110,0 120,0 90,0 | |
6 (23) | , , , , | - - 4 | 4,0 6,0 6,0 | 60,0 60,0 60,0 | |
7 (29) | - | 3,0 | 60,0 | ||
10 (27) | , , | 4 | 12,0 | 75,0 | |
79 (11) | , , , | - - - 2 | 2,0 1,0 1,0 2,0 | 80,0 80,0 60,0 80,0 | |
96 (96) | , | - - | 0,8 0,8 | 70,0 80,0 | |
4 (24) | , , | - 5 | 2,0 2,0 | 60,0 70,0 |
: ; Fe, Al, Mg Fe ; ; ; .
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( 4784-74) .
, , , , , , , , , , , .
, .
:
) Al-Cu.
) ( Al-Cu-Mg-Mn).
) ( Al-Cu-Mg-Ni).
) ( 95 Al-Zn-Mg-Cu-Mn).
Al-Mg ( ( 5-6%) (-3, 6, 5 ..) ().
. 320-370 ( ) , . , . .
. 658 ( 1,4%Mn), 550-450 . , . 640-650 , . . , , . , . , - , , .
Al-Mn , , , . . Al6(MnFe), , . (Al10Mn2Si), . ( 8.4), .
8.4 -
σ, | σ0,2, | δ,% | HB, | ||
2 | |||||
2 | |||||
6 | |||||
6 | - |
Al-Mg (1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6) , , .
. , , , , . 17,4%Mg 450 1,4%Mg . . 4%, . 4,5% .
, . , . , , , , , . 0,2 2% , , . . , , 0,5-0,6%.
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Al-Cu . , . ( 5).
a- . . Al-Cu Q- ( CuAl2). Al-Mg-Si, Mg2Si. . . Q Al-Cu . Al-Cu s 300-350 . 1, Q , S , 420-440 .
16, S , Q- , s > 450 . T- 95 s 600 d > 12%.
Al-Cu-Mg () . , , . , .
1. 16 . 19, 1 17 , 18, 65 ( 8.5).
, ( Al-Cu-Mg) Q- (CuAl2) S- (Al2CuMg). T- (CuMg4Al6), Al , T- .
, . (Al12Mn2Cu), : , , , .
( 0,05%) 1%, ; (1,5%) . , . . (0,2-0,25%) , .
8.5 -
σ, | σ0,2, | δ,% | ||
1 | ||||
16 | , | |||
19 | ||||
4-1 | ||||
31 | ||||
33 | ||||
35 | ||||
31 | ||||
33 | ||||
35 | ||||
6 | ||||
8 | ||||
95 | , | |||
96 | , | |||
93 |
, .
, . 0,005% . , , . , . (0,005-0,01%) . .
Al-Cu-Mg (2, 4, 4-1) . . , , S θ. , , . .
2%Al; 1,6%Mg , Cu2FeAl7, , . , Al6Cu3Ni. ( 2,5%) (1,6%) , 1,6%. , , 1:1. FeNiAl9, AlCuFe AlCuNi, . FeNiAl9 . FeNiAl9 .