1.
S = S1 = S2 = 1.23 ,
P = U I = U2 /R.
n=U1/U2 , U1 = 220 ; U2 =1.11 U .
2. (C1, L1, L2C2, C3L3C4) ( , = 0,67; m = 2, w = 2pf) [4].
1 (.1.3, )
L1 (.1.3, )
.
L2C2 (.1.3, )
( 2 < C1
L2 = (L2 C2)/ C2).
- 3L3C4 (.1.3, ).
3L3C4 3 L3C4, .
ϖ ; 3 ; L3C4 L3, 4 = 3.
3. .
( , D ).
powerideal n ( n , , , r2 = 10 , r1 = nr2). int-shot, , 1N6095.
4. UCT = UH ICT max ³ I = UH/RH [5].
.
Ic = (Ic max + Ic min)/2.
5.
, U (1.5¸2)Uc.
6.
U ³ 2×1.57UH,
Icp ³ Ic max + IH.
, U, I, U, r=U/I.
EW ideal r, U, U .
7. (. 1.7) . ( - R, n' = n/(1.5¸2)). (220 , 176 , 253 ) . ( >10).
.
, ,
Z = j/wc, , - , , .
, , () , , .
|
|
(), f = 0 f = f0; (), f = f0 f ¥; (), f1 f2, (), f1 f2. f0 0,7 0, 3 .
.2.1.
. , . 20 /. , , . RC- . () (), . 40 /.
.
. 2.1. : ) ; ) ; ) ; )
. . 2.2 , (n = 40 /). , [6].
. 2.2.
. (2.1)
, (2.1) , :
, (2.2)
w0 = 2pf0, H = k0, a .
(2.1) (2.2), , , Y1 Y4 , 2 , Y3 Y5 , , , Y2 . , :
.
- .2.3. :
. (2.3)
.2.3. | . 2.4. |
(2.3) (2.2), , :
. (2.4)
, 1 = 2 = R2 = R3 = R, :
. (2.5)
a= , R1 ¹ R2 ¹ R3. , . , 2, k=2pf0C2 , f0, a H :
|
|
(2.6)
.2.3, , .2.4. :
. (2.7)
, (2.8)
. (2.9)
, 2 = 3 = R1 = R2 = R,
. (2.10)
(a= ) 1 = 3 = , :
. (2.11)
OY , :
OY
.
, , , , , .
.
: f0 ; 0 ; , n = 40 / .
2.1 2.2. . . 2.1, . 2.2.
2.1
f0, [] |
2.2
0 |
2.2.
I. (, . 2.3).
1. 2 ( 2200, 12) k=2pf0C2.
2. : 1, R1, R2 R3 (2.6). 12.
3. f0 k0
.
10%.
4. k0 , k0 = 20lg k0.
5. Y Y EW.
RY £ Rmin/10,
RY ³ 10Rmax,
fY ³ k0f0,
Rmin Rmax ,
fY .
6. ( EW) (.2.5). - , .
7. .
. MAGNITUDE LOG. (I) 0 1 , (F) F > 20 lg k0, F > f0. , k0, f0. k f , . f0 ki, = k0, 3 .
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|
.2.5.
. 2.6.
k0, f0 , 15%, .
8. f0.
9. .
II. ( . 2.4.)
1. 1 = 3 = ( 2200 ) k = 2pf0C.
2. : 2, R1, R2 (2.11). 12.
3. f0 k0
.
10%.
4. k0 , k0, = 20 lg k0.
5. , .
6. ( EW) (.2.6).
7. .
8. f0.
9. .
, RH PH, . - . , , . (, , ).
, , . .
(.3.1). (.3.1,) ( 3¸5 ). , , . , [2].
(.3.1,) (.3.1, , , ). , , , , , , . , .
: (.3.1, ) (.3.1, , ) . (p-n-p n-p-n ) [6].
(. 3.1,)
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|
( ) . R , , VT1 VT2, . , , . , Ukm R , Im. .
. . , , , .3.2.
PH RH. , , : P³ 1.1 .
) )
) )
.3.1. :
) , , ;
) , , ; ;
) ;
) .
.3.2.
V1 V2 U . U . P = UkmIkm\2 .
Ek ³ Ukm + U £ (0.4 ¸ 0.5) Uk.
Ik R1¸R4. , ( , Ik £ 0,1 Ikm, hB 0,78). , Ik , - . , VT1 VT2 , ,
Ik = (0,05 ¸ 0,15) Ikm.
Ik , Ik=[(Ikm/p)+Iok]. 0=2kIk; h=/0. h<h.
, , 2.5 Pk . , k, :
=(1.8¸2.3) k,
=(1.3¸1.8) k.
. I = I/bmin, Im = Im/bmin.( b.) U Um U. Um = Um + Um, P =1/2 Um Im kp=/p.
.
, -, , -, ( b I).
, , . I1m I2m Inm
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|
[%].
(), . , 2-. , .
. , . (). fH fB H B, Mi=k0/ki, ( fH ) ( f B.). 0 .
:
PH ;
RH ;
K ;
( fH fB) ;
H B ;
(t0max t0min ) .
:
;
;
;
;
;
;
;
( ), ;
( ), , ;
, , ;
(.<.);
, .
3.1 3.2.
. . 3.1, . 3.2.
3.1
.. | [] | fH [] | fB [] | t0min [0] | t0max [0] |
0.06 | +25 | +40 | |||
0.1 | -5 | +40 | |||
0.05 | +10 | +40 | |||
0.06 | +45 | ||||
0.8 | +10 | +60 | |||
0.1 | -5 | +30 | |||
0.05 | +10 | +60 | |||
0.08 | +10 | +40 | |||
0.1 | -5 | +40 | |||
0.8 | +10 | +50 |
3.2
.. | R [] | [%] | [] | [] |
3.5 | 4.0 | 3.0 | ||
3.2 | 4.2 | 3.0 | ||
3.0 | 4.5 | 3.0 | ||
3.0 | 4.5 | 3.5 | ||
2.5 | 3.0 | 3.5 | ||
2.5 | 4.2 | 3.0 | ||
2.0 | 4.5 | 3.0 | ||
2.0 | 3.7 | 3.0 | ||
1.5 | 3.5 | 3.2 | ||
1.5 | 4.2 | 3.5 |
3.2.
1. , , :
P ³ 1,1 PH; Im= ; Um= .
2. 1 2 (1 = 2 = ):
³ Um + U,
U , (U(0,3¸1,5)). U (n5).
3. [7], .
U. ³ (2¸2.5); I. ³ Im; . ³ (0.4¸0.7);
.
( , , . = 20lg). , .. (, 402 403; 502 503; 680 681; 703 705; 814 815; 816 817; 818 819).
U., I.; . Rt., t0.max, f, bmin.
4. I = f (U) U ¹ 0 - I = f(U) I = const. U . , , = IU=const.
5. (.3.2), Um Im. , ( ), , .. Io, . . , , Imax ,Im, Io: U, Um, . I. > Imax; U. ³ 2 .
6. .
Io, 0, , bmin, Im
.
, , b..
U Um Imin Imax, .
Um= Um U.
, ,
Um= Um + Um.
, ,
.
7.
.
P0 = 2EI, I = [(Im/p) + I].
h = /0.
8. R1¸R4, ,
I = (0,5¸2)Im.
9.
R~ R2 + bRH.
10. .
, (.3.3).
( ) ( ) . , R( R = R)
= U + IR.
) )
.3.3. () :
; .
, i , i = f(e), (.3.4.).
I'km, I'1, I'min, max, 0,5(max + min), min.
.3.4.
() Ikm, I1, Ik, I2 Ikmin
Ikm = (1 + b) I'km; I1 = (1 + b) I'1; Iok = 2bI'min;
I2 = (1 b) I'1; Ikmin = (1 b) I'km;
b (b = 0,1¸0,15).
Ik1 = 1/3(Ikm Ikmin + I1 I2),
Ik2 = 1/4(Ikm 2Iok + Ikmin),
Ik3 = 1/6[Ikm Ikmin 2(I1 I2)],
Ik4 = 1/12[Ikm + Ikmin 4(I1 + I2) +6Iok ],
I = 1/6[Im + Imin + 2(I1 + I2)].
Ik1 + Ik2 + Ik3 + Ik4 + I = Ikm.
,
.
,
.
Kok c , , , R.
11.
.
( = 20 lg ). (R, C) 12 (2825-67,10318-80). 12 II , 10%.
12:
10; 12; 15; 18; 22; 27; 33; 39; 47; 56; 68; 82.
() 10n, n , .
12. (), :
,2,
F' (F' = (1,2¸1,4)×10-3 /2×);
( (Ge) = 90¸100oC, (Si) = 150¸200oC);
;
Rt.. (-).
Rt.. 1,5 / £ 12 ,
Rt.. 3,0 / £ 30 ,
Rt.. (5¸10) / > 30 ,
Pk , (Pk 0,5 ; k 0,7 ).
Rt. . .
1
12.
10n, n , .
12
2