a oe ypee ee. Bee aa a a ax, oecx cax, eax .. Bype a oec, ae ceo, a pocxeax. Bype ocoa a oe yx o: oepaoe aoaee ycpoco (O) c pooo opo (B) ocooe (). O, poe oo, ooaaec - (RAM, Random Access Memory), a - (ROM, Read Only Memory). B O o cooec c peae aaa ocoo ec ooc poaa p e a. , (.. ). , ( ). B xpac ypae paoo BM caape popa, oca, a coo pya opa, oopa coxpaec p e oepa, .e. ec epoeaco a.
O opaec a caecy a (SRAM), aecy (DRAM), pecpoy (RG). oy : aco - apopapoa a aoe ooee (ROM), oopao-popapye ooaee (PROM OTP), oopao-popapye (pepopapye) ooaee P c ypaoeo cpae (EPROM C) c epec cpae (EEPROM (E2PROM) C, Flash). pooe pacpocpaee e ae popapyee oece epae cxe - C (CPLD, FPGA ..) c o opo oecx eeo ycpoc a oo pcae.
Coeae cee coca O epoeacoe O (NonVolatile SRAM NVSRAM). Ao poa opoy ee epoeaco a, ee ocoeoc O . o eppoepeca a - FRAM, aopeca a - MRAM - PCM. B ca papao axoc epoeaca a a aopx oypooax - OUM (Ovonic Unified Memory). co o cpa/ac oe 10 p, o a ecoo opo oe, e y -a.
B acoc o a eeo a () oe : pep, ap oecaop, KMO (CMOS) pacop c ooe "aa aopo", aa epea ( ee ocyce).
opoe aop opaye ey a (). Koeco eeo a ee (co papo) oo pao 2n (1,4,8,16, 32,64..), pe e ce 8- ocac, oo, pypoo pocxe c e oeco . Koeco oa aaec o coa.
Oco xapaepca pocxe a c: opaoa eoc, cpoece, epoopeee .
Eoc oo paaec eax pax cy 210 = 1024 = 1K (e ya c 1k = 1000). coa pao y (ooy ooy papy) ay (aopy oc ) a ea aaec o oa ooaaec Kb KB.
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Kao yx cee "n" ee a ooao cooecye "n"- papoe ooe co, aaeoe apeco . Hapep, apeco 511-o e ye co 1 1111 1111(BIN) = 511(DEC) = 1FF(HEX). B popaax apeca yopec 16-o opae.
Eoc aco acaec e poee yx ce 2n * m, e 2n - co ee a, a m - a coa e, apep 8K * 8 (/c 537P17), .e. 8192 e paepo o a. B eoopx cpaoax o e pocxe poc ooaee eoc oo po 64K, o a e opaae ype opaa o pocxe, ay e eoc oy e /c c opaae 16K * 4, 64K * 1 ..
CTATECKOE O (SRAM)
B aece eea a coyec poce D-pep aea. B pocxee 537P10 aa coco oc pepo pacoaac e a pcae e poyoo ap.
Ha pcye pee ooae: n-apecx xoo (A0.. An-1), DIO - yapaea ocpapa a ax, xo papee xoo - ~OE, xo opa pocxe - ~CS xo papee ac - ~WE, oop ooaa o pyoy - ~WR/RD, oepa , o p o ypoe caa a o xoe pooc ac aa, a p coo ypoe oe oc ee p ~OE = 0. EO, DI, WR - ypee ca paaaee oo ypae ee/ac/xpaee. ocy pooo i pooc c oo poyooo epaopa, cocoeo yx ox epaopo, pe k-apecx aoc a epaop coo (DCc), a ocaec n-k oe epaopy cpo (DCr). Koeco cpo coo ye cooeceo pao 2n-k 2k, .e. oee oeco, ocyaex , pao 2k * 2n-k = 2n.
Ha pcye y oaa pae ypee cpyyp pocxe, o oopoy oo poce ocoe pe ee pao. ec e ao ycooe ooaee pocxe.
Ha pcye ee cxe c op oeopo pe cocoe ooae, a oo 
( 
) - cooeceo, 
- oope c coo apyoo cocooc. Toa ee o (j-) oc eeo i-o e a. ee c oepo i = (r * 2k + c) ec o 2n xox yo poyooo epaopa, e r c - oepa cpo coo ap. epc xo (C)hip (S)elect - ~CS, o cex pocxeax, e o cpeaec, cy pee cxe paoee cocoe ypoe caa a o xoe. ~CS,~WE,~OE :
1) Ec ~CS = 1 (acc ypoe), pocxea - e paa oepa c e poo eooo. pc. o, o o cyae a L-xoe D-pepa - o, ac eooa pep xpa paee aca . poa xoo o - Q oe e, .. a po xoe EO papee xoa apea yeo ca xo/xo DIOj axoc pee coco.
2) C ocyee ~CS = 0, cxe -HE paopyc ae ce ac o ae cao a xoax ~WE ~OE.
a) B pee ac a xo ~WE oaec yc ca (cpo ac) ~WE = 0. ooy eaco o ae caa a xoe ~OE, ype ca EO, oe pae 0, ee ax o pe ac eooo. Ha epxe xoe eea i - ea , ec a apecx xoax o An-1,An-2,...,A1,A0(BIN) = i(DEC), o ca a x Yr Yc oe pa 1 pep ij op ac xoo opa DIOj.
) B pee e a xoe ~WE acc ypoe ~WE=1, a a xo ~OE oaec yc ca (cpo e) ~OE=0 p Yr=Yc=1, xoo ca ~Q oce epc eeo ij c op oeopo a xo DIOi.
) ~OE=0 ~WE=0 , .. . , - , ~OE=0 ~WE=0 - .
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Ceye opa ae a o, o xo cex 2n j-x eeo a o oac oey j-y oy pocxe - DIOj. Taoe oeee xoo ooo c oo cxeoo o oaoo (). Moaoe () e peye ooex cxe oe oc a eeax c op oeopo c pe cocoe. Byp paccapaeo cxe j-e xo oee a oe pecope Rj, cyae apyo eeo -HEij c op oeopo.
yee opaoo eoc oee pocxe pypyc a x ooee xo o oec. o cex pocxe a oc c op oeopo o c pe cocoe.
B popoeccopx cceax BM cpoecyee caecoe O poo coyec oepaoo xpae opa o ce Cash-a. Kca, ca cp O c ypee pecp (pecpoa a) M MK. C ao acoo paoa M? C ao e acoo 2..3 pooc opaee pecpa, apep o oae "mov eax,ecx".
