1. 9.
, 80 2%- .
9.
1. nH2n−2.
, , , , 1 2 :
nH2n−2 + 2Br2 → nH2n−2Br4
2. , , :
m(Br2) = m ω = 80 0,02 = 1,6
ν(Br2) = m / M = 1,6 / 160 = 0,01 .
3. , , 2 , , ( ) :
0,005 | 0,01 | |
nH2n−2 | + 2Br2 → | nH2n−2Br4 |
4. = m / ν = 3,4 / 0,05 = 68 /.
5. , n:
14n − 2 = 68
n = 5.
58.
: C5H8.
1. 10.
0,74 , 112 (. .). ?
10.
1. CnH2n+1OH. , .. .
2. ( ):
2CnH2n+1OH + 2Na → 2CnH2n+1ONa + H2
C3H6 + H2 → C3H8
3. , . , :
ν(C3H6) = V / Vm = 0,112 / 22,4 = 0,005 => ν(H2) = 0,005 ,
ν = 0,005 2 = 0,01 .
4. n:
M = m / ν = 0,74 / 0,01 = 74 /,
14n + 18 = 74
14n = 56
n = 4.
47.
: C4H7OH.
1. 11.
, 2,64 1,38 1,8 .
11.
1. , :
CnH2n+1COOCmH2m+1
,
CmH2m+1OH,
CnH2n+1COOH.
:
CnH2n+1COOCmH2m+1 + H2O → CmH2m+1OH + CnH2n+1COOH
2. , .
:
mH2O = ( ) + ( ) − ( ) = 1,38 + 1,8 − 2,64 = 0,54
νH2O = m / M = 0,54 / 18 = 0,03
, .
:
|
|
= m / ν = 1,8 / 0,03 = 60 /,
= 1,38 / 0,03 = 46 /.
, m n:
MCnH2n+1COOH = 14n + 46 = 60, n = 1
MCmH2m+1OH = 14m + 18 = 46, m = 2 .
, , .
: CH3COOC2H5.
1. 12.
, 8,9 11,1 .
12.
1. ( , , ):
NH2CH(R)COOH.
, .
2. :
NH2CH(R)COOH + NaOH → NH2CH(R)COONa + H2O
. - . :
M( NH2CH(R)COOH) = 74 + R
M( NH2CH(R)COONa) = 96 + R
ν = 8,9 / (74 + R),
ν = 11,1 / (96 + R)
8,9 / (74 + R) = 11,1 / (96 + R)
R = 15
, R = CH3.
, , R CnH2n+1.
14n + 1 = 15, n = 1.
.
: NH2CH(CH3)COOH.
.