1. Oil spill response operations on soils include spill identification, containment and cleanup.
2. Adsorbents facilitate oil degradation and neutralization.
3. In order to reduce harmful releases gas is burnt in flares.
4. The main difference between industrial safety and labor protection is that industrial safety deals with safety issues and labor protection deals with security.
5. By severity injuries can be classified as micro traumas, light and serious injuries and fatalities.
6. Incident investigations primarily performed to identify the guilty persons in order to punish them and thus to prevent the incident recurrence.
7. Improper handling of hazardous materials may result in health damage, injuries and even fatalities.
8. Contamination sources can be classified as point sources (wells, pits), linear sources (pipelines) and areal sources (oil fields).
9. Detergents are bacteria used for microbiological oil degradation.
10. Remediation is performed to remove effects of adverse impacts of man-caused factors on soil vegetation cover.
EXERCISE 10 Connect the terms with their definitions.
| 1. hazard | 1. an unexpected event that results in physical harm or damage to property |
| 2. risk | 2. damage to the body. Commonly as a result of an incident |
| 3. waste disposal | 3. key causes of an incident |
| 4. minor injury | 4. the general state of harm caused by the effects on the body of a toxic substance |
| 5. workplace certification | 5. likelihood or probability that the harm from a particular hazard will be realized |
| 6. intoxication | 6. an unexpected event that results in physical harm or damage to property |
| 7. injury | 7. something with a potential to cause harm |
| 8. root causes | 8. storage and landfill of wastes |
| 9. incident | 9. a small injury, like finger cut, that does not result in lost time |
| 10. accident | 10. inspection of workplace to identify if it is in compliance with safety regulations |
EXERCISE 11 Translate from English into Russian.
1. Key contaminants of the environment in the process of oil production are crude oil and oil products, sulfurous gases and hydrogen sulfide containing gases, formation waters and wastewaters, oil sludge and chemicals.
2. Water treatment facilities include wastewater gathering and treatment, control over treatment quality and discharge of treated waters.
3. Physico-chemical methods of oil contamination cleanup include application of adsorbents, capable to adsorb oil well and remain on water surface after adsorption.
4. Collected with pump and vacuum trucks crude oil is subject to processing or neutralization and disposal.
5. Wastes are divided into liquid (used and contaminated process fluids, domestic and industrial wastewaters) and solid (solid domestic wastes, drilling cuttings, construction garbage, scrap metal) wastes.
6. A standard set of safety clothes includes a working coveralls or a suit, safety footwear with steel toes, gloves or mitts, warm clothes for protection against cold weather and of fire resistant or inherent fire resistant materials.
7. Concentration of a toxic substance in the air, at which no changes occur in a human body even in case of prolonged exposure to that substance, is called maximum permissible concentration.
8. Incident investigation is performed to identify immediate and system (root) causes and undertake corrective actions in order to prevent recurrence of such incidents.
9. Risk assessment must be conducted and a work-permit obtained prior to implementation of a high risk production task or operation.
10. Key air contaminants in oil and gas industry include vehicles (greenhouse gases), and also atmospheric releases during gas flaring.
