The definitions:
A) customary inspection by internal X-ray, external gamma ray or ultrasonic.
B) ditch spoil pushed back into the ditch to cover the pipe except for certain sections that must be left uncovered to make tie-in welds and allow for hydrostatic testing.
C) line pipe lifted on skids along the ROW so that the entire circumference is accessible.
D) width determined by the diameter of the pipeline to be installed and includes room for the pipeline and working space for the construction equipment used to install the pipeline.
E) sand placed on the ditch bottom to cushion the pipe.
F) the primary strength weld that fuses the two pipes.
G) laying sections of pipe along the ROW.
H) individual pipe string ends that are cut and trimmed to join the pipe strings with external clamps accurately aligning the pipe.
I) join sections of line pipe providing consistency, uniform welds and fewer repairs.
J) excavated soil (spoil) deposited on the ditch bank.
K) bare sections at the pipe welds covering the exposed pipe and the weld.
L) method for constructing the pipeline across such obstacles as streams or wetlands.
The key words:
HDD
Padding
ROW
Welding
Trenching (ditching)
Stringing
Skidding
Backfilling
Field-joint coating
NDT
Root
Tie-in welding
CHAPTER II
PIPELINE VALVES AND FITTINGS
EXERCISE 1 Read and translate the text "Valves", using the words after the text.
Valves
Valves are mechanical devices that are installed in pipelines to control flow or pressure. Valves are an important part of piping systems and if not properly selected and operated, they can cause operation problems. The primary valve types, classified by their function, are:
control valves - used to control flow, pressure, liquid level, cavitation and pressure transients;
isolation (block) valves - placed on each side of control valves and pumps, allowing them to be removed for repair or replacement;
check valves - used to prevent reverse flow;
relief valv es - admit air to the pipe while the pipe is being drained to prevent excessive vacuum pressures and reduce the possibility of collapsingthin-walled pipes;
air valves - designed to expellarge amounts of air at low pressure during filling and release small amounts of pressurized air during operation.
The words to be memorized:
air valve
cavitation
check valve
collapsing
control valve
excessive (pressure)
to expel
isolation (block) valve
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operation /
pressure transient /
replacement
release valve
relief valve
EXERCISE 2 Read and translate the text "Pipe Joints and Fittings", using the words after the text.
Pipe Joints and Fittings
Pipe and fittings are produced in a wide range of materials including: ductile or cast iron, malleable iron, brass, copper, cast steel, plastic and fiberglass. Pipe joints can be permanent or mechanically joined, allowing disconnection. Permanent joints involve welding or crimping metal pipe and cementing plastic pipe. Joints that can be taken apart include threaded, flanged and coupled designs. Flanges can be loose, threaded or welded to pipe ends and are used on metal and plastic pipe.
Threaded
Threading is one of the most popular and least expensive methods of joining steel pipes. The tapered male fitting is forced into the tapered female fitting. Yielding metal creates a seal. Threads other than taper pipe threads can be used for piping connections where tightness of the joint depends on a seal weld or seating surface other than the threads. While threaded joints can be dismantled, it is preferable to use unions. Threaded pipe is available in sizes from 1/16 to 24 in.
Welded
Welded joints are commonly used with steel pipe because these joints are stronger and less prone to leakage than threaded and flanged joints. Also, this method does not add weight to the piping system as flanges do or require a pipe wall thick enough to be threaded.
Pipe up to 2-in. size is generally socket-fitting, fillet welded. Larger pipe 3 36 in, is usually butt welded. The most common joint is the circumferential butt joint. During the welding procedure, to avoid entrance of welding material into the pipe, backing rings may be used.
Soldered
A soldered joint is a rigid, pressure-type joint made with a filter metal that, when heated to its melting point, is drawn into the annular space between pipes and fitting by capillary action. This type of joint is generally limited to pipe up to 8 in. because of the difficulty of applying heat evenly to the joint. Bra ing is similar to soldering except higher heat is required for the filler metal. It is used where higher pressure ratings are required.
Compression
Compression couplings usually can be used with all types of pipe and do not require any pipe preparation. They consist of an inner elastometric gasket and an outer metallic sleeve with integral bolts for compressing the gasket. They are available for pipe up to 144-in. OD.
Crimped or grooved
The use of mechanical joints in piping systems is becoming popular. A crimped joint is designed to join light-wall steel and copper pipe, metallic or nonmetallic that is capable of being cut or roll grooved up to 2-in.
Cemented
Solvent joining can be used on vinyl pipe and some others, available up to 12-in. Poly olefin and other pipes require heat fusion and are available up to 6-i. Fibreglass pipe requires an adhesive, resin impregnated fabric or threads to make a joint. It is readily available in sizes from 1/2 to 144-in.
(http://www. Wikipedia.org)
The words to be memorized:
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adhesive
annular space
backing ring
brass butt welded
brazing
butt joint /
capillary action
cast steel
circumferential
coupled
to convey
compression / /
coupling ()
crimped joint
crimping
disconnection
dismantle
ductile or cast iron ()
(elastometric) gasket / / /
female fitting
fillet welded
flange
flanged
grooved
(heat) fusion
impregnated
loose
malleable iron
prone
polyolefin
resin
rigid
seal
seating surface (seal weld) ( )
sleeve /
socket-fitting ()-
soldered joint
tapered male fitting
tapered / / /
threaded
tightness
union
vinyl (pipe)
welding
yielding (metal)
