82.00.00.00.
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__________________ ____________________2012 .
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. -09__________________________________/../
2012
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, -09 |
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1. .3
2. ..4
2.1. ..4
2.2. ....6
2.3. , , - . 6
3. ..............8
3.1. ....8
3.2. 腅..11
3.3. 腅.13
4. 腅........17
4.1. ......17
4.2. , ⅅ...17
4.3. , ...17
4.4. 充..19
4.5. , , ⅅ................................20
4.6. ...21
5 ⅅ..22
6 酅23
7 ⅅ.24
8 .24
9 ..25
10 .27
11 .28
...29
, , , , 4, 3. 1.1
1- ; 2- ; 3- ; 4- ; 5- ; 6,7- ; 8- ; 9,10- ; 11- ; 12- ; 13- ; 14,15- ; 16- .
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1.1
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, .
, 4=3,5 .
n4=70
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2.1.1
, (2.1)
4- ( ), ;
η- .
, (2.2)
η, η, η, η- , , .
/2,.5/, η=0,96, η=0,98, η=0,99, η=0,99.
(2.2) (2.1)
=3,5/0,913=3,83 .
2.1.2 =3,83 4 =3,0 =4,0 /2,.390/. (3,83-3)∙100%/3=27,6% 5%.
4 .
4 n:2880, 1430, 950, 720 /.
i, .
, i =3, i =3 /2,.7/.
i= i ∙ i =3∙3=9.
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2.1.3 /2,.390/ 4132S83 :
- =4;
- n=720 /;
- n/T=2.
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n1=n=720 /
=n1:n4=720/70=10,29
/2,.6/ , i= 3,5, i= 2.94
2.3. , ,
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2.3.1. :
n4=n3=69,97 /.
2.3.2. :
4= 3=7,32 /.
2.3.3. :
1 = = 3,83 ;
2 = 1 ∙ η ∙ η = 3,83∙ 0,96 ∙ 0,99 = 3,64 ;
3 = 2 ∙ η ∙ η = 3,64 ∙ 0,98 ∙ 0,99 = 3,53 ;
4=3∙η=3,53∙0,99=3,49 .
2.3.4. :
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2.3.5.
( )
1max = T = 2 ∙
= 4 ,
= /ω1 = 4∙103/75,36= 53,08 ∙
1max = 2 ∙ 53,08= 106,16 ∙
,
1max/ 1 = 106,16 / 50,82 = 2,09 .
:
1max = 1 ∙ 2,09 = 50,82 ∙ 2,09= 106,21 ∙ ;
2max = 2 ∙ 2,09 = 169,07 ∙ 2,09 = 353,36 ∙ ;
3max=3∙2,09=482,24∙2,09=1007,88 ∙;
4ma=4∙2,09=476,78∙2,09=996,47 ∙.
2.3.6 , 2.3, 2.1.
2.1- , ,
n, / | w, / | , | , × | Tmax, × | |
75,36 | 3,83 | 50,82 | 106,21 | ||
205,7 | 21,53 | 3,64 | 169,07 | 353,36 | |
69,97 | 7,32 | 3,53 | 482,24 | 1007,88 | |
69,97 | 7,32 | 3,49 | 476,78 | 996,47 |
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3.1.1 45 1050 88. ( ) /2. .34/
230260 200225
σ 440 400
σ 750 690
3.1.2 /2. . 33/:
, (3.1)
slimb , ;
HL ;
[SH] .
350 /2,.34/
=2+70. (3.2)
/2,.33/
KHL = , (3.3)
N ;
N .
200 N = 107
/2. .34/.
/3,.184/
N = 60 × × n × t, (3.4)
, ;
n , /;
t .
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(3.4)
(3.3) , , > > . =1 /2, .33/.
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[SH]=1,15 /2, .33/, (3.1) (3.2) :
,
,
3.1.3 , /3,.187/
(3.6)
=400 ( 3.1.1)
3.1.4 /3, .190/
(3.7)
sF lim b , ;
FL ;
F ,
( );
[SF] ( ).
/2, .4345/ :
sF lim b = 1,8 ;
, , FC =1;
350 [SF] =1,75.
/3, .191/
, (3.8)
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NFO ;
NFE .
350 m 6 9. NFO = 4 × 106.
NFE , NE. ( -70∙107, 21∙107) NFO= 4 × 106. FL=1 /3, .191, 192/.
(3.7)
,
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, [s], .
3.1.5 350 /3,.193/
(3.9)
(. 3.1.1)
; .
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/2,.32/
, (3.10)
, 49,5 43 ;
u ;
2=3 ( );
,
;
, ;
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u=i=2,94 2=3=482,24ͷ;
=409 ;
/2, .33/ , /2,.32/
(3.10)
160 /2, .36/
/2,.36/ mn = (0,010,02) × = (0,010,02) ×160 = =1,63,2 . /2,.36/ mn=3 .
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b = 0 /2,.37/.
:
Z2 = 27
Z = Z2×u = 27×2,94 = 79,38
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,
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b = yba× = 0,5×160 = 80
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b2 = b+5 = 80+5 = 85
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ybd2 = b2:d2 = 85:81 = 1,05
3.3.
3.3.1. /2,.31/
, (3.11)
KH ;
b ().
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/
/2,.32/.
(3.12)
, ;
, ;
, .
/2, .39,40/ :
= 1,07 =0,87 / ;
= 1,06 =1,05, 350 ;
= 1 =0,87 /, 350.
(3.12) .
, .. =80. 3=482,24 ∙.
(3.11)
.
3.3.1 (3.11) 1007,88 ×
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3.3.3 /2,.46/
(3.13)
Ft ;
KF ;
YF ;
Yβ , , -
,
;
KFA ,
;
b , , ;
, ;
:
H;
;
/2, .42/
(3.14)
, ;
, .
/2,.43/ =1,11 , 350, , .
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(3.14) =1,111,25=1,388
, /2,.47/, FA=0,92.
Yβ /2, .46/:
, /2,.46/,
(3.13) ( ):
3.1.4 =237 =206 .
3.3.4 (3.13) Ft
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3.3.5 , , 3.1.
3.1
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- | - | |
, | 238,14 | |
, | 244,14 | |
, | 73,5 | 230,64 |
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