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82.00.00.00.

 

090182

 

 

__________________ ____________________2012 .

 

 

______________________________/../

 

 

. -09__________________________________/../

 

 

2012

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82 00 00 00
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, -09

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1. 󅅅.3

 

2. 򅅅..4

2.1. ..4

2.2. ....6

2.3. , , - . 6

 

3. ..............8

3.1. ....8

3.2. 腅..11

3.3. 腅.13

 

 

4. 腅........17

 

4.1. ......17

4.2. , ⅅ...17

4.3. , ...17

4.4. 充..19

4.5. , , ⅅ................................20

4.6. ...21

5 ⅅ..22

6 酅23

7 ⅅ.24

8 .24

9 ..25

10 .27

11 .28

...29

 

 


, , , , 4, 3. 1.1

1- ; 2- ; 3- ; 4- ; 5- ; 6,7- ; 8- ; 9,10- ; 11- ; 12- ; 13- ; 14,15- ; 16- .

1.1

.

, .

, 4=3,5 .

n4=70

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82 00 00 00  


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82 00 00 00  

2.1.1

 

, (2.1)

4- ( ), ;

η- .

 

, (2.2)

 

η, η, η, η- , , .

 

/2,.5/, η=0,96, η=0,98, η=0,99, η=0,99.

 

(2.2) (2.1)

 

 

 

=3,5/0,913=3,83 .

 

 

2.1.2 =3,83 4 =3,0 =4,0 /2,.390/. (3,83-3)∙100%/3=27,6% 5%.

4 .

4 n:2880, 1430, 950, 720 /.

i, .

, i =3, i =3 /2,.7/.

i= i ∙ i =3∙3=9.

 

 

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82 00 00 00  
n4=70/ n=i∙n= 9∙70=630 /.

 

2.1.3 /2,.390/ 4132S83 :

- =4;

- n=720 /;

- n/T=2.

 

 

 

 

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82 00 00 00  
2.2.

n1=n=720 /

 

=n1:n4=720/70=10,29

/2,.6/ , i= 3,5, i= 2.94

 

2.3. , ,

 

2.3.1. :

n4=n3=69,97 /.

 

2.3.2. :

4= 3=7,32 /.

 

2.3.3. :

 

1 = = 3,83 ;

2 = 1 ∙ η ∙ η = 3,83∙ 0,96 ∙ 0,99 = 3,64 ;

3 = 2 ∙ η ∙ η = 3,64 ∙ 0,98 ∙ 0,99 = 3,53 ;

4=3∙η=3,53∙0,99=3,49 .

 

2.3.4. :

 

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82 00 00 00  

 

2.3.5.

( )

1max = T = 2 ∙

= 4 ,

= 1 = 4∙103/75,36= 53,08 ∙

1max = 2 ∙ 53,08= 106,16 ∙

 

,

1max/ 1 = 106,16 / 50,82 = 2,09 .

:

1max = 1 ∙ 2,09 = 50,82 ∙ 2,09= 106,21 ∙ ;

2max = 2 ∙ 2,09 = 169,07 ∙ 2,09 = 353,36 ∙ ;

3max=3∙2,09=482,24∙2,09=1007,88 ∙;

4ma=4∙2,09=476,78∙2,09=996,47 ∙.

 

2.3.6 , 2.3, 2.1.

 

2.1- , ,

 

n, / w, / , , × Tmax, ×
    75,36 3,83 50,82 106,21
  205,7 21,53 3,64 169,07 353,36
  69,97 7,32 3,53 482,24 1007,88
  69,97 7,32 3,49 476,78 996,47

 

 

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82 00 00 00  
3.

3.1.1 45 1050 88. ( ) /2. .34/

 

230260 200225

σ 440 400

σ 750 690

 

3.1.2 /2. . 33/:

 

, (3.1)

 

slimb , ;

HL ;

[SH] .

350 /2,.34/

=2+70. (3.2)

/2,.33/

KHL = , (3.3)

N ;

N .

200 N = 107

/2. .34/.

/3,.184/

N = 60 × × n × t, (3.4)

, ;

n , /;

t .

 

 

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82 00 00 00  
= 1, n2 = 205,7 /, =69,97 /. 10 . 250, 8 , t=10∙2∙250∙8=40000 .

(3.4)

 

 

(3.3) , , > > . =1 /2, .33/.

[SH]=1,15 /2, .33/, (3.1) (3.2) :

 

,

,

3.1.3 , /3,.187/

 

(3.6)

 

=400 ( 3.1.1)

3.1.4 /3, .190/

(3.7)

sF lim b , ;

FL ;

F ,

( );

[SF] ( ).

 

/2, .4345/ :

sF lim b = 1,8 ;

, , FC =1;

350 [SF] =1,75.

/3, .191/

, (3.8)

 

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82 00 00 00
m ;

NFO ;

NFE .

 

350 m 6 9. NFO = 4 × 106.

NFE , NE. ( -70∙107, 21∙107) NFO= 4 × 106. FL=1 /3, .191, 192/.

(3.7)

 

 

,

.

 

, [s], .

3.1.5 350 /3,.193/

(3.9)

(. 3.1.1)

; .

 

 

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82 00 00 00
3.2

 

/2,.32/

, (3.10)

, 49,5 43 ;

u ;

2=3 ( );

,

;

, ;

.

u=i=2,94 2=3=482,24ͷ;

=409 ;

/2, .33/ , /2,.32/

(3.10)

 

160 /2, .36/

/2,.36/ mn = (0,010,02) × = (0,010,02) ×160 = =1,63,2 . /2,.36/ mn=3 .

 

b = 0 /2,.37/.

:

 

Z2 = 27

Z = Z2×u = 27×2,94 = 79,38

:

 

 

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82 00 00 00
:

,

 

:

 

.

 

:

 

 

 

:

b = yba× = 0,5×160 = 80

 

:

b2 = b+5 = 80+5 = 85

 

:

 

ybd2 = b2:d2 = 85:81 = 1,05

 

3.3.

3.3.1. /2,.31/

 

, (3.11)

KH ;

b ().

 

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82 00 00 00

/

/2,.32/.

(3.12)

 

, ;

, ;

, .

/2, .39,40/ :

= 1,07 =0,87 / ;

= 1,06 =1,05, 350 ;

= 1 =0,87 /, 350.

 

(3.12) .

, .. =80. 3=482,24 ∙.

(3.11)

 

.

 

3.3.1 (3.11) 1007,88 ×

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82 00 00 00

 

3.3.3 /2,.46/

 

 

(3.13)

Ft ;

KF ;

YF ;

Yβ , , -

,

;

KFA ,

;

b , , ;

, ;

:

H;

 

;

 

/2, .42/

(3.14)

, ;

, .

 

/2,.43/ =1,11 , 350, , .

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82 00 00 00
=1,25, , =0,87 /, 8.

(3.14) =1,111,25=1,388

, /2,.47/, FA=0,92.

Yβ /2, .46/:

, /2,.46/,

 

 

(3.13) ( ):

3.1.4 =237 =206 .

 

3.3.4 (3.13) Ft

 

 

 

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82 00 00 00  
3.1.5 =352 =320 .

 

3.3.5 , , 3.1.

 

 

3.1

,    
,    
,    
   
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,   238,14
,   244,14
, 73,5 230,64
,    

 

 

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82 00 00 00  
4.





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