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Bit_Length(<>) <>
Cast(<> As < >) <>, < >
Char[acter]_Length(<>) <>
Convert(<> using <>) <>, <>
Current_Date
Current_Time(<>) <>
Current_TimeStamp(<>) <>
Extract(<> from <>) <> (Day, Hour ..) <>
Lower(<>) <>,
Octet_Length(<>) <>
Position(<1> in <2>) , <1> <2>
Substring(<> from for <>) <>, <>
Trim(Leading|Trailing|Both <> from <>) <>, | | <>
Upper(<>) <>,
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2) MS SQL Server
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3) Oracle
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CREATE FUNCTION < > ([< > < > [(<>)], ]) RETURNS < > [(<>)] [[NOT]DETERMINISTIC] [CONTAINS SQL|READS SQL DATA|MODIFIES SQL DATA] BEGIN <SQL-> RETURN < > END


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