- - (), , () .
.
1. : ; , , .
2. : .
. . : , .. . ( 8-, 16-, 32- 64-) , .
:
, ;
, .
. 4.4.
Multibus 1 : PC/XT bus (Personal Computer extended Technology ) PC/AT bus (PC Advanced Technology ).
PC/XT bus 8- 20- , 4,77 ; 4 4 ( DMA Direct Memory Access). 1 . 8086, 8088.
PC/AT bus 16- 24- , 8 , 16 , ; 7 4 DMA. 80286.
ISA (Industry Standard Architecture ) - 16- 24- , 8 , 50 ( ); PC/XT PC/AT 7 15 DMA 7 11. 24- 1 16 . 16 /, , 4-5 /, . 32- ISA .
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EISA (Extended ISA) 32- 32- , 1989 . 4 , 33 /, , ( 15 , 10). , EISA DMA; ISA ( ISA), . EISA , .
MCA (Micro Channel Architecture) 32- , IBM 1987 . PS/2, 76 /, 10-20 . EISA, ISA, EISA. PS/2 , , .
:
(, Pentium 528 / 64- ) (, 22 /);
, (, Windows, Multimedia).
, , , "".
, , ( ) : , .
: VLB PCI.
VLB (VESA Local Bus VESA) 1992 . (VESA Video Electronics Standards Association), VESA.
VLB, , , Multimedia, . 32 , 64- . VLB 80 / ( 132 /).
:
80386, 80486, Pentium, Pentium Pro, Power PC;
( VLB );
VLB ;
.
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PCI (Peripheral Component Interconnect ) 1993 . Intel.
PCI , VLB, , : 80486, Pentium, Pentium Pro, Power PC .; 10 , "", . PCI .
PCI 32 64 , 132 /, 64- 263 / ( ).
PCI , , , ISA, EISA, MCA ( ) PCI ( VLB), PCI ( ).
VLB PCI . 4.3 4.4. , VLB PCI VLB- PCI- . , ISA/EISA, VLB PCI, VIP ( VLB, ISA PCI).
. 4.3. VLB
. 4.4. PCI
4.4.
ISA | EISA | MCA | VLB | PCI | |
, | 32; 64 | 32; 64 | 32; 64 | ||
, | 8 33 | 10 20 | 33 | 33 | |
, / | 132; 264 50; 100 | ||||
, . |
IDE (Integrated Device Electronics), EIDE (Enhanced IDE), SCSI (Small Computer System Interface) .