5.1. , , , w 0 ( - ) , 3000. 12.
5.2. , /3, u x 5.1:
, (5.1)
- , , ;
- , ( ), /;
F - , ( , ) ;
m n - , ;
h - , (. 7);
H - , ;
V 1 - , (5.2), 3/;
D T - T B, .
, (5.2)
D - , ;
w 0 - , /.
5.3. , , , :
) 250 - ;
) 200 - 50 . ., , , : 5.3;
) 180 - 50. . 52 . . , , , 108 ..;
) 160 - 52 . . ( );
) 140 - , , , , .
, 3 , , , .
, , .
- , 10 , , . - .
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5.4. , , D V 1 ( , ), () . V 1, , .
(, ) V 1 , , , (5.18), , - (10.9). , .
, 20 ., 20 .
5.5. D T , , , .
, , 23-01-99.
T 23-01-99.
D T .
5.6. F :
) F = 1 10 ;
) , 5.6, :
F = 2 . 90 %;
F = 2,5 .. 75 % 90 %
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.
F = 3 75 %
) 5.6 F = 3.
F 3 , , T B , 5.
:
dg - , , dg 5 % ;
vg - dg , /.
F vg / u , u - (. 5.10). vg / u £0,015 F = 1, 0,015< vg / u £0,030 F =1,5. vg / u F 5.6.
5.7 m n v , v' , f f e:
, (5.3)
, (5.4)
, (5.5)
. (5.6)
m
f < 100, (5.7)
f ³ 100. (5.7)
f e < f < 100 m f = f e.
n f < 100
v < 0,5, (5.8)
0,5 £ v <2, (5.8)
n = 1 v ³ 2. (5.8)
f ³ 100 n 5.8.
5.8 f ³ 100 ( ) ( ) (5.1)
, (5.9)
, (5.10)
n (5.8) - (5.8) .
f < 100 < 0,5 < 0,5 ( ) c
, (5.11)
< 0,5, (5.12)
f ³ 100, < 0,5. (5.12)
(5.11) m ' = 0,9 H ( ), .
- (5.9) (5.11) (5.1).
5.9. , ,
, (5.13)
H ( ), , x 5,7× H.
d f < 100
, (5.14)
, (5.14)
. (5.14)
d
d = 5,7 . (5.15)
, (5.15)
. (5.15)
5.10. u (10 ), c , f < 100 (5.16 5.16):
u = 0,5 , (5.16)
, (5.16)
. (5.16)
u (5.17 5.17):
u = 0,5 , (5.17)
, (5.17)
. (5.17)
H ( ), , u =0,5 /.
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5.11. .u , u , (5.18):
, (5.18)
r - , (5.19 5.19):
£ 1, (5.19)
> 1. (5.19)
u 0,5 / u ., . - , 5 % .
u . .
5.12. x .u., u c .u , (5.20):
, (5.20)
- , (5.21 5.21):
£ 0,25, (5.21)
0,25< £ 1, (5.21)
> 1. (5.21)
5.13. u (5.22):
, (5.22)
s - , x / x F (5.23 5.23):
x / x £ 1, (5.23)
1 < x / x £ 8, (5.23)
8 < x / x £ 100 F £ 1,5, (5.23)
8 < x / x £ 100 F > 1,5, (5.23)
x / x > 100 F £ 1,5, (5.23)
x / x > 100 F > 1,5. (5.23)
( 10 ) x / x < 1 s 1 (5.22) , (5.24):
(5.24)
u ¹ u . (5.18) (5.20) . u x . u, . x / x . s 1 (5.23) - (5.23) (5.24). c . u s 1.
5.14 cy (5.25):
, (5.25)
s 2- , (5.26):
, (5.26)
u£5 /, (5.27)
u >5 /. (5.27)
5.15. c z z , , () 2,5 , (). 9.
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z (5.28):
, (5.28)
, - , , , H 1 H 2, . H 1 H 2 (5.29) (5.30). (, D, w 0, T ) . z >10 (5.24) =1;
sz - , b 1, b 2 b 3 (5.32 - 5.32).
H 1 = H× (1 + 5 × d 2) + z, (5.29)
H 2 = H (1 + 5 × d 2) - z, (5.30)
f < 100, (5.31)
f ³ 100. (5.31)
f e ≤ f < 100 d 2 (5.31a) f = f e; v <0,5 (5.31a) v =0,5; v '<0,5 (5.31) v '= 0,5.
0,02 < b 1£ 2 | b 2-1|< b 3, (5.32)
0 < b 1 £0,02 | b 2-1|< b 3, (5.32)
s z = 0,5 b 1, b 2 b 3, (5.32)
, (5.33)
, (5.34)
. (5.35)
5.16. () D=D V 1 =V 1 w 0 .
w 0 (5.36):
, (5.36)
L - , ;
b - , .
D , , (5.37):
. (5.37)
(L =b) D .
V 1, 3/ (5.38):
. (5.38)
, .
5.17. 1 2, x 1 = 10× x , x 2 , ×..