. ' ( , |, , ), ( 10 - ) '. . ' ' , ', .
' . 1973 . Xerox PARC , PARC, ' . ' 1980- ., ' ' . 1988 . ' DEC ( ) . ' , . ' . '. .
, ᒺ . . , . , , (). , , . , , .
|
|
́ ́ ́ - , . | : , , , . . . . , .
̳ , , ' , . 䳿 :
, ;
RPC (Remote Procedure Call) , : ( ), ( );
CORBA , 䳿 , ' CORBA 㳿 RPC.
㳿 䳿 (XML-RPC, SOAP ) RPC CORBA.
. (message passing), MPI (Message Passing Interface). MPI - , C , .
" " (GPAS - global partitioned address space), HPF (High Performance Fortran) UPC (Unified Parallel C).
' ' , .
' '. . ', "" .
' ', 㳺 ' . ' , ', /, . ' . ' , ' . , ' , . , . ', ' ' .
|
|
- ( ) , ', ' ' . , ' . ' , , , () ', . ﳿ , : Linux, Windows NT, Solaris . , . : , , . ', , -. , , . 㳿, ' . , , , . . , ' 10- Ethernet-, Cplant Sandia 1400 Alpha, ' Myrinet.
, - 䳿 , , . ' , , .
:
-;
볺-;
.
- ( -) , , , (' ), , - , . , , , (, ). , ( ).
, . , . -, ( ) ( ). -, , . , . , , , .
|
|
볺- . ' ' . , 볺 .
- , , 볺. ' , , . 볺 , . 볺 , . . 볺.
: (볺) (); ; ; / . : 쳿 ; , ; , , , .
, GRID . 㳺 , , ( ) .
, GRID ' ), , ( (GPU) ), . , , ' 볿 , . GRID-㳿 - . , . GRID 볺- .
|
|
' , ' . : 볺 , . 볺 . 볺 .
GRID-, ' Volunteer Computing. Volunteer Computing, , Folding@home ' , 2000 . . : 2006 . 8- Cell Play Station 3, 20 , , '. Sony, , . Folding@home ATI, 2008 . - NVIDIA. 䳿, 100 , Folding@home .
XXI -. ' , WWW (World Wide Web - ) WWG(World Wide GRID - -). -, , ' , ' . World Community Grid , , , BOINC- . GRID .
- Distributed Computing Grid Computing. , , 㳿. Internet- , ' - ' , - , . , .
Distributed Computing , , . , , , ' . ' , . 쳿 Internet '.
. , , ' . . BOINC. BOINC (Berkeley Open Infrastructure for Network Computing ) |, SETI@home, ' , . BOINC -볺, BOINC-, ( , ') . 볺-.
|
|
㳺 Distributed Computing RSA Data Security 56- RC5-32/12/7 (1997 .). , Distributed Computing ( RC5-64, RC5-72, OGR ) ' distributed.net. distributed.net RC5-72 OGR .
Folding@Home - ( ) . , , , , , , ' .
Grid -, "" . , Grid Computing, 䳿 , MP, PVM, BSPlb . ֳ , , , , , ' . 㳿 Grid Computing "" (1994 ., . .) 16 ' 486DX4, ' 10-
GRID (Grid, ) . 㳺 power grid () grid computing - , ' ' ' - - . , (grid) - , , , , , . ϳ . , - grid, :
1. , (, ' ). GRID- , , , , , ;
2. , , , , ;