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8.1 1
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8.2 2
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8.3 3
4. .
8.4 4
5. .
8.5 5
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, , , , , FTTx APON 622 M/. , . , , ADSL 24 /.
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FTTx (. fiber to the x X) , ( ) ( ) - , , , ( , ).
, FTTx . . FTTx .
. - , , . () , , .
FTTx, :
FTTN (Fiber to the Node) ;
FTTC (Fiber to the Curb) , ;
FTTB (Fiber to the Building) ;
FTTH (Fiber to the Home) ( ).
- () . - () . , . .
, . (passive optical network-PON). , , , . PON FTTx, .
, FTTx , ( ) .
FTTB , FTTx Ethernet (F) . , F FTTC FTTB , FTTB , . FTTB , FTTH . FTTC/FTTB, . FTTB . , . , .
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I- , , FTTB APON 155 /. CDMA. , , , , APON 155 /. HDSL 2 /.
APON. 90- , ATM QoS . FSAN, PON, ATM. 1998 ITU-T G.983.1, ATM PON APON (ATM PON). G.983.x (x=17), 622 /c.
APON DBA (dynamic bandwidth allocation) ONU , , .
APON : SDH (STM-1), ATM (STM-1/4), Fast Ethernet, Gigabit Ethernet, (SDI PAL), E1 (G.703), Ethernet 10/100Base-TX, (FXS).
- PON ONU, , APON . , OLT .
CDMA (. Code Division Multiple Access ) , , , . , , - ( ) .
CDMA o 800 . CDMA 40 . CDMA oee .
CDMA2000 3G cdmaOne ( IS-95). , IS-95A, CDMA .
CDMA CDMA2000. CDMA2000 1 153 /, , , , , , .
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CDMA2000 1X EV-DO 1,23 , 2,4 / 153 / , 3G , .
. , CDMA2000 250 . : GSM-900 2 ( , GPRS+EDGE ; 200).
II- , , CDMA, , ADSL, Fast Ethernet (100BASE-T).
Fast Ethernet (100BASE-T) IE 802.3 u 26 1995 , - 100 /. Ethernet IE 802.3, , CSMA/CD . , , , .
Fast Ethernet :
100 /c;
Ethernet;
.
100Base-T (802.3u) ( OSI) :
100Base-TX UTP 5, STP Type 1;
100Base-T4 UTP 3, 4 5;
100Base-FX .
Fast Ethernet , . : , , (), .
ADSL (. Asymmetric Digital Subscriber Line ) , . , . .