. , , ( , ). .
:
1 - ;
2 - ;
3 - ;
4 - ;
5 - .
, , , .
U., I., K., K. . U. . K. ., . , , U, .
( 2) :
U min = U + U min = 15 + 4 = 19 B,
U min VT3.
, VT3 , U min 3..5 .
10%, :
U = U min / 0.9 = 19 / 0.9 = 21 ,
U max = 1.1 U = 1.1 19 = 20 .
U 3 max = U max - U = 21 20 = 1 .
, VT3,
3 = U3 max I = 10 1 = 10 .
U3 max, I , 3 :
819 | |
NPN | |
. | 2 (100) |
, U. | 15 |
, h21 |
:
h113 = 33.0 ,
m3 = 1 / h12 = 1 / 0.23 = 4.20,
h113 , ; m3 ; h123 .
VT3
I3 = I / h213 min = 1 / 20 = 1.3 10-3 .
VT2. - VT2
U2 max = U3 max - U3 = 10 0.7 = 9.3 ,
U3 VT3(0.7)
|
|
VT2 VT3 , R3,
I2 = I3 + IR3 = 5 10-4 + 1.3 10-3 = 1.8 10-3 .
, VT2,
2 = I2 ´ U2 max = 1.8 10-3 9.3 = 7.4 10-3 .
U2 max, I2 , 2 :
814 | |
NP | |
. | 1 (10) |
, U. | 40 |
, h21 |
:
h112 = 36.36 ,
m3 = 1 / h122 = 1 / 0.022 = 45.45.
VT2
I2 = I2 / h212 min = 1.8 10-3 / 40 = 3 10-5 .
R3
R3 = (U + U3) / IR3 = (30 + 0.7) / 1.3 10-3 =23615 .
R3 = (U + U3) IR3 = (30 + 0.7) 1.3 10-3 = 3.99 10-2 .
- 0.125 24 5%.
VD2
UVD2 = 0.7 U = 0.7 30 = 21 .
:
213;
I VD2 = 5 10-3 ;
r VD2 = 25 .
R4, (I R4 = I VD2)
R4 = 0.3 U / I R4 = 0.3 30 / 5 10-3 = 2000 .
, R4,
R4 =0.3U I R4 = 0.3 30 5 10-3 = 50 10-3 .
- 0.125 2 5%.
VT4. -
U4max = U + U3 + U2 - UVD2 = 17.90
VT4 VD2
I 4 = 4 10-3 .
, VT4
2 = I4 U4 max = 4 10-3 2.90 = 11.6 10-3
U4 max, I4 , 4 :
315 | |
NPN | |
. | 0,15 |
, U. | 35 |
, h21 | 50-350 |
:
h114 = 208,3 ,
m3 = 1 / h124 = 1 / 0.034 = 29.41
VT4
I4 = I4 / h214 min = 4 10-3 / 50 = 8 10-5 .
R5, R6, R7 5I4
R = U / I = 30/ (5 8 10-5) = 75000 .
:
R5 = 0.3 R = 0.3 75000 = 22500 ;
R6 = 0.1 R = 0.1 75000 = 7500 ;
R7 = 0.6 R = 0.6 75000 = 45000 .
R5 - 0.125 22 5%, R7 - 0.125 7.5 5%. R6 3-44 0.25 47.
VD1
UVD1 = 0.1 U max = 0.1 22 = 2.2 .
:
119;
I VD1 = 5 10-3 ;
r VD1 = 15 .
R1, (I R1 = I VD1)
R1 = 0.9 U max / I R1 = 0.9 22 / 5 10-3 = 3960 .
|
|
, R1,
R1 = 0.9U max I R1 = 0.9 22 5 10-3 = 99 10-3.
- 0.125 3.9 5%.
VT1. VT1
I1 = I4 + I2 = 4 10-3 + 12 10-5 =412 10-5.
- VT1
U1max = U max - UR2 + U4max - UVD2 = 4.1 ,
UR2 = UVD1 - U1 R2.
, a VT1
1 = U1max I1 = 4.1 412 10-5 = 16 10-3 .
U1 max, I1 , 1 :
361 | |
PNP | |
. | 0,15 |
, U. | 35 |
, P | 0.30 |
, h21 | 50-350 |
R2
R2 = UR2 / I1 = 1.5 / 412 10-5 = 364 ,
R2 = UR2 I1 = 1.5 412 10-5 = 618 10-5 .
- 0.125 360 5%.
:
h11 =h112+h113h212min= 36.36 + 33 60 =2016 ;
m = m2m3 / (m2 + m3) = 45.4 4.2 / (45.4 + 4.2)=3.84;
r = m h11 / h212min h213min = 0.1723 .
RTD = R1 R2 / r VD1 = 3900 360 / 15 = 57024
:
R = h11 RTD / (h11 + RTD) = 1947.49 ;
u = 0.7 h214min R / (h114 + h214min r VD2) = 338.1
,
= muU / U = 3.845 338.1 15 / 22 = 886.4,
DU = DU / mu = 4 / 3.845 338.1 = 12 10-4,
= DU 100 / U = 12´10-4 100 / 15 = 0.46%.
R = r / mu = 0.17 / 3.845 71.13 = 63 10-5 .
:
= 886.4 > . = 800; = 46 < . = 50 %.
.
, , , . .
110% I .
I max = 1.1 I = 1.1 1 = 1.1 .
R8.
R8 = U5 / I max = 0.7 / 1.1 = 0.636 .
R8 = U5 I max = 0.7 1.1 = 0.77 .
VT5 I5 = I3;
U5 max =U3 + R8 I max = 0.7 + 0.636 1.1 =1.469 B;
P5 = U5 max I3 = 1.469 6.7 10-3 = 9.84 10-3 .
U5 max, I5 , 5 :
814 | |
PNP | |
. | 1 (10) |
, U. | 40 |
, h21 |
-, . | |||
R1, R6 | 3,3 0,5 | ||
R2, R8 | 4,7 0,25 | ||
R3, R4, R9 | 1,6 0,125 | ||
R10 | 390 0,5. | ||
R11, R13 | 620 0,5 | ||
R12, R14 | 790 0,5 | ||
1, C4 | 73-16 0,00043 63 | ||
2, C3 | 73-16 0,00082 63 | ||
VD1-VD4 | 410 | ||
VD5 | 212 | ||
VT1 | 819 | ||
VT2 | 814 pnp | ||
VT3 | 315 | ||
VT4 | 315 | ||
VT5 | 361 | ||
VT6 | 814 |
|
|
1. / ....-.:1990
2. .., .. ..:1972
3. .. . -: ,1982
4. - / . ... - .: ,1990
5. , , . ./.. , .. , .. - : "",1994
6. / . .. . - .: ,1980
7. : / . ..
8. .. .- .:..,1989