(Hard Disk Drive HDD) . : , ,, / .
1973 , IBM 3340. IBM 30 30/30, 30/30. , 1983 ( 10 , 100 , 85 /). 8 , 8 , 33 /.
. :
/ (Start/Stop Cycles);
(Mean Time Before Failure MTBF).
. 3400-10000 /.
, , (1 1048576 ). :
1 = 106 = 1 000 000 ;
, 1 = 1024 , 1 = 1020 = 1048576 .
:
IDE (Integrated Drive Electronics) ;
SCSI (Small Computers Systems Interface) .
, , . , . , , . . RAID . (, ).
, . , , .
CD-ROM- . (800 ). CD-. CD-ROM- CD-Audio-, 150 / (data transfer) CD-ROM.
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DVD (Digital Versatile Disk) , -, 17 ( ), . / ( DVD-, ) . DVD- CD-ROM. , DVD- , , 650 635 780 CD-ROM, - - DVD- , .
DVD-RAM. , , DVD 1
DVD+RW. , , , Hewlett-Packard, Philips Sony, DVD+ReWritable DVD+RW. DVD+RW, , , . , Philips, DVD+RW , , CD-R, , CD-ROM. DVD+RW .
DVD-R/W. Pioneer DVD-R/W. CD-RW , 3,95 . DVD-R/W ( ) DVD-RAM DVD+RW. DVD-R/W DVD-ROM DVD. DVD-R/W , , , .
( RAM Random Access Memory ) , . , . , .
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. , .
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: ;
: , .
(access time). , . 140 , 45 , - 6-10 .
DRAM.
(Error Checking and Correcting) .
EDO (Extended Data Out) DRAM, , . EDO RAM 1995 Intel Triton Pentium, 20%. 83 .
BEDO (Burst EDO) EDO RAM . BEDO - 66 .
FPM (Fast Page Mode) 60-70 Pentium 100. FPM DRAM . , , , [27;34].
Enhanced DRAM . EDRAM DRAM, SRAM.
SDRAM (Synchronous DRAM) 100 , 12 .
DDR(DDR2,DDR3) SDRAM (Double Data Rate SDRAM) SDRAM .
Direct Rambus DRAM , Intel.
, , . . , 18088 8 , i80286 16, i80386 32, Pentium 64, , 386 486 (32- ) 30- 72- SIMM-. , Pentium, Pentium Pentium II (64- ), 72- SIMM 168- DIMM.
1 32 . - :
DRAM EDO DRAM. EDO DRAM 20% DRAM;
VRAM (Video RAM). , VRAM ;
WRAM (Window RAM). Samsung, , WRAM VRAM;
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MDRAM (Multibank DRAM). , 10 ;
SGRAM (Synchronous Graphics RAM). SGRAM SRAM;
RDRAM (Rambus DRAM). RDRAM 133 500 /.
PCI, VL-Bus, ISA, EISA, AGP MCA. PCI.
. 80% , . , , , -. () CPU. - : , , , (3D) .
, (Multimedia Personal Computer). : Hi-Fi, .
. , . DVD ,