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4.5.1

, 80- -. . , , , .

, "BTL" . . 1955 ., "Beckman Instruments" -. 12 (, , , , , , , , , , , ). 1957 . "Shockly Transistor Corporation". 8 (, , , , , , , ) "Fairchild Semiconductor Corporation" , . 1957 . n-p-n 2N696. . "BTL". , (1000 o). . 1961 . 2N613(n-p-n), 2N869(p-n-p)

() Shockley : 1961 Amelco, Teledyne Semiconductor. 1964 Union Corbide Electronics, 1967 Intersil. , 1957 1983 . 100 . . (. 4.9).

 

. 4.9 .

19141920 1955 57 1960 1961 1968
- ( ) BTL Shockley Semiconductor Laboratory (Beckman Instruments) ( ). 12 .   Fairchild Semiconductor Corporation   8 .   Amelco +   Intel( ) 12 . ( )

4.5.2

, 5 . . , 10 . , . 1 2 100 . 3 4 2- . , 5 6, . , , 1 6 . 13 16, 201 203, 100 . , . 1 6, 13 16, 201 203 . 401 403, . . , , .





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