4.5.1
, 80- -. . , , , .
, "BTL" . . 1955 ., "Beckman Instruments" -. 12 (, , , , , , , , , , , ). 1957 . "Shockly Transistor Corporation". 8 (, , , , , , , ) "Fairchild Semiconductor Corporation" , . 1957 . n-p-n 2N696. . "BTL". , (1000 o). . 1961 . 2N613(n-p-n), 2N869(p-n-p)
() Shockley : 1961 Amelco, Teledyne Semiconductor. 1964 Union Corbide Electronics, 1967 Intersil. , 1957 1983 . 100 . . (. 4.9).
. 4.9 .
19141920 | 1955 57 | 1960 | 1961 | 1968 |
- ( ) | BTL Shockley Semiconductor Laboratory (Beckman Instruments) ( ). 12 . | Fairchild Semiconductor Corporation 8 . | Amelco + | Intel( ) 12 . ( ) |
4.5.2
|
|
, 5 . . , 10 . , . 1 2 100 . 3 4 2- . , 5 6, . , , 1 6 . 13 16, 201 203, 100 . , . 1 6, 13 16, 201 203 . 401 403, . . , , .