14, 15
: - Linux Shell.
UNIX . Bourne-shell ( - shell), C-shell, Korn-shell. Shell (/bin/sh).
, , , , , , ( ). , / , .
( ) ( ""), Shell- . - sh ( ), .
/:
cmd1 arg...; cmd2 arg...;... cmdN arg... - ;
cmd1 arg...& cmd2 arg...&... cmdN arg... ;
cmd1 arg... && cmd2 arg... - , , ;
cmd1 arg... || cmd2 arg... - , , ;
cmd > file - file;
cmd >>
file - file; cmd < file - file;
cmd1 | cmd2 - , cmd1 cmd2.
Shell- . . Shell- , , . Shell- $. , , { } " ". Shell :
1. $? - , ;
2. $$ - Shell;
3. $! - ,
1. Shell ;
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4. $# - , Shell;
5. $- - , Shell.
($,|, ..) Shell- :
1. 1. , ;
2. , , .
Shell- . Shell- $1, $2, $3 .. , $0 Shell-, $# - .
Shell- Shell-. , Shell .
Shell-:
echo ;
expr ;
eval , ;
test ;
sleep .
Shell-:
.
1. Shell ( , , -, , Shell-, Shell-, ). .
2. - Linux.
3. Shell-, .
4. Shell-.
1. Shell- ( ) , , Shell-. :
2. Shell- ( ) , , Shell-. :
3. 1, .
4. Shell- (,.tmp) , , Shell-. Shell- , :
5. Shell- (,.tmp) , , Shell- , 1.
6. Shell- , Shell- . , , . :
7. , 6, , .
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8. Shell- , . Shell-.
9. Shell- , . Shell-.
10. Shell- , Shell-. , , .
p p
1. Shell-? .
2. ? .
3. -?
4. ? .
5. Shell Shell-?
6. ?
7. ?
8. cmd1 & cmd2 &?
9. cmd1 && cmd2 &?
10. cmd1 || cmd2 &?
11. Shell?
12. Shell?
.
.
