1. . 3
2. 17
3. . 30
4. . 41
5. 48
6. Pascal 58
7. Pascal 65
.. 74
. .. 75
1. .
1.1.
Turbo Pascal. . .
1.2.
1) () Turbo Pascal .
2) Pascal, , .
3) .
1.3.
:
;
;
;
, ; , : 123.45; , , ( ).
1.4.
1. ! (. 1.5).
2. (. 1.10).
3. Turbo Pascal ( ) . (. 1.6).
4. Pascal-, (. 1.7).
5. Turbo Pascal (. 1.8).
6. .
7. (. 1.12).
8. , . 1.11.
1.5.
! !
. Pascal . , , .
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. , - , , , .. .
, , .. . .
, , . . , .
, Pascal . , .
, .
1.6. Turbo Pascal
1.6.1. Pascal?
: Pascal, 1C, Delphi, Java, C#, C++ VisualBasic, PHP ... , , , , ! , , , , .
, , , .
: Delphi, Java, C#, .
. Pascal. , , Pascal .
Pascal . : , : , , , , . , , ++. Pascal , .
, Pascal . , , . , , (, , 1).
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, Pascal , , Free Pascal, Lazarus, Delphi . Free Pascal Lazarus , (Windows, Linux, Unix, MacOS ..) ( , , iPhone, iPod ..).
, , , ++. , Pascal, , .
1.6.2.
Turbo Pascal ( Free Pascal), :
;
( );
;
.
Turbo Pascal
( \ ), , , TP, BIN, TURBO.EXE ( TURBO ) .
Turbo Pascal, 1.1.
1.1 Turbo Pascal
Turbo Pascal :
, (File, Edit ..);
, ;
.
Turbo Pascal
File (, .);
Edit ( , , ..);
Search ;
Run ;
Compile ;
Debug ;
Tools ;
Options , Turbo Pascal, , ;
Window ;
Help , .
(.. ) , :
) F10, , ß, à ( ), Enter;
) Alt ; , , File, Alt+F;
) .
, , , File \ Save, , File, Save.
File \ New, , .
. , (, MS-Word, OpenOffice .). Turbo Pascal . F1 Using the editor.
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Ins . ( _). ( Ins), , , .
Enter ; Enter , ;
;
End ;
Home ;
PgUp ;
PgDn ;
Ctrl+ ;
Ctrl+ ;
(BackSpace) ;
Del ;
Ctrl+Del ;
Alt+BackSpace ;
Ctrl+Ins ;
Shift+Ins .
, .
. :
File \ Change dir ( \ ) , ;
File \ Save as ( \ ) Save file as ( Turbo Pascal NONAMExx.PAS; , );
F2 ( File \ Save).
File \ Change dir ( \ ) , pas- ;
File \ Open; ( F4); Tab , Enter. , , .
Ctrl+F9. ( ), Compiling. , , (. . 1.9). , . , .
, , . , Alt+F5: .
Turbo Pascal
Turbo Pascal Alt+X File \ Exit. , .
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1.6.3. Turbo Pascal
Turbo Pascal ( Help ).
Help :
F1 ( );
Ctrl+F1 .
Help Es.
1.7. Pascal-
Pascal :
program ProgramName; { }
{ }
begin {BEGIN }
{ }
end. {END. ( ) }
( PROGRAM), . , BEGIN END. , END .
Pascal, Hello World! (, !):
program Hello;
Begin
Writeln('Hello, World!'); { Hello, World! }
End.
Turbo Pascal (. . 1.6.2). , , Alt+F5.
! Turbo Pascal , . , Vvedite luboe chislo. , Enter any number. , .
, , :
program Kvadrat; { : }
var {VAR - }
X, Xkvadr: Real; { X Xkvadr}
begin { }
Writeln(' :'); { }
Readln(X); {, ENTER}
{ X}
{ X Xkvadr}
Xkvadr:= X * X;
{ : }
Writeln(' :', Xkvadr)
{ Alt+F5}
end. { }
:
1) PROGRAM, VAR, BEGIN, END . , . Turbo Pascal (. 1.1). .
2) (Kvardat), (X, Xkvadr), Pascal , 0 9 _. 32 , . :
Laba1, My_First_Program, Kolvo1, RadiusKruga.
: 1Laba ( ), Lab rab 1 ( ), ( ).
3) . , . , { } , (* *).
4) (.. , - ) ;. , END, ; . ; Pascal .
5) ( Writeln) (). ' , ݻ, ENTER. : Writeln(' :').
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6) Writeln, , . ( ), ,.
7) Readln, , , , . , Readln . , Readln ,.
8) , Readln - , Writeln , .
9) := : , , , . , Writeln .
10) , , +, , *, /, div ( ), mod. , . , , : Y:= ((A + B) / (A B)) * X.
Turbo Pascal , . Y:= X * X * X X 3- Y.
11) . , Writeln, Readln, ( Unknown identifier, . . 1.9).
12) Pascal VAR. , :, ;. VAR . , . :
Var
N: Integer;
S, M1, M2: Real;
INTEGER . N, , -32768 32767. , Pascal . , INTEGER, 2 (16 ) . , Pascal :
| Shortint | -128 127 | 1 |
| Longint | -2147483648...2147483647 | 4 |
| Byte | 0... 255 | 1 |
| Word | 0... 65535 | 2 |
REAL () . , S , , , : 0, 1, 1.5, -100, -123.12313 .. , , . , REAL, 6 , : -1.7E38 +1.7E38. , . , 3.3333333 ( ) ( ).
! , . , .
( ) :
Write(' ');
Writeln(' ');
Write ( ).
Writeln , .
:
Read(S1);
Readln(A, B, C);
Read(S1) , - Enter. , S1.
, , , Enter. , A, B C.
: , Enter. , R :
Write(' : ');
Readln(R);
:
Write(Res:8:2); { Res }
Writeln(Res:8:2);
8 , ( , , ), 2 .
, - , .
(Integer) :
Writeln(' : ', Per);
(Real) :
Writeln(' V: ', V:8:2);
1.8.
Turbo Pascal , :
{ }
program FirstProgram;
Var
A, B: Real; { }
Sum: Real; { }
Begin
Writeln(' ');
Writeln(': ..');
Write(' : ');
Readln(A, B);
Sum:= A + B; { ... }
Writeln(': ', Sum:8:2);
end.
File \ Save ( F2).
Run \ Run ( Ctrl+F9). . . 1.9.
1) , Writeln :
>
> : ..
> :
2) Enter.
3) :
> :
.
, Debug \ User Screen ( \ ) Alt+F5.
1.9.
Turbo Pascal , , :
Error <_>:
:
Error 2: Identifier expected { }
Error 3: Unknown identifier { }
Error 4: Duplicate identifier { }
Error 12: Type identifier expected { }
Error 26: Type mismatch { }
Error 36: BEGIN expected { BEGIN}
Error 37: END expected { END }
Error 62: Division by zero { 0}
Error 85: ";" expected { ";"}
Error 86: ":" expected { ":"}
Error 87: "," expected { ","}
Error 88: "(" expected { "("}
Error 89: ")" expected { ")"}
Error 91: ":=" expected { ":="}
Error 94: "." expected { "."}
Error 113: Error in statement { }
1.10.
:
1) .
2) .
3) .
4) .
5) .
6) .
7) .
8) .
9) .
10) .
11) .
12) .
13) .
14) .
15) .
16) .
17) .
18) .
19) .
20) .
1.11.
.
, .
.
, , .
.
. (, , -1 ..), .
.
, , .
