АРТИКЛЬ
Запомните следующие правила.
Перед каждым нарицательным существительным должен стоять артикль.
Если вы не употребляете перед существительным артикль, вы должны уметь объяснить, почему.
Артикль не употребляется, если перед существительным стоит притяжательное или указательное местоимение, другое существительное в притяжательном падеже, количественное числительное или отрицание "по" (не "not").
Упр. 1. Вставьте артикль, где необходимо.
1. This is... book. It is my... book. 2. Is this your... pencil? — No, it isn't my... pencil, it is ray sister's... pencil. 3. I have... sister. My... sister is... engineer. My sister's... husband is... doctor. 4. I have no... handbag. 5. Is this... watch? — No, it isn't... watch, it's... pen. 6. This... pen is good, and that... pen is bad. 7. I can see... pencil on your... table, but I can see no... paper. 8. Give me... chair, please. 9. They have... dog and two... cats. 10. I have... spoon in my... plate, but I have no... soup in it.
Упоминая предмет впервые, мы употребляем перед ним неопределенный артикль а(аn). Упоминая этот же предмет вторично, мы ставим перед ним определенный артикль the.
E.g. This is a book. The book is interesting.
Упр. 2. Вставьте артикль, где необходимо.
1. This is... tree.... tree is green. 2. I can see three... boys.... boys are playing. 3. I have... bicycle.... bicycle is black. My... friend has no... bicycle. 4. Our... room is large. 5. We wrote... dictation yesterday.... dictation was long. 6. She has two... daughters and one... son. Her... son is... pupil. 7. My... brother's... friend has no... dog. 8. This... pencil is broken. Give me that... pencil, please. 9. She has... ball.... ball is... big. 10. I got... letter from my... friend yesterday.... letter was interesting.
Неопределенный артикль a (an) может употребляться только с исчисляемыми существительными, стоящими в единственном числе. Перед неисчисляемыми существительными или существительными во множественном числе неопределенный артикль опускается. Определенный артикль the употребляется как с исчисляемыми, так и с неисчисляемыми существительными, как с единственным, так и с множественным числом.
E.g. This is a book. The book is interesting.
исчисляемое в единственном числе
This is S meat. The meat is fresh.
неисчисляемое
These are S books. The books are good.
множественное число
Упр. 3. Вставьте артикль, где необходимо.
1. This is... pen.... pen is red. 2. These are pencils.... pencils are black. 3. This is... soup.... soup is tasty. 4. In the morning I eat... sandwich and drink... tea. 5. She gave me... coffee and... cake.... coffee was hot.... cake was tasty. 6. Do you like... ice-cream? 7. I see... book in your... hand. Is... book interesting? 8. She bought... meat,... butter and... potatoes yesterday. She also bought... cake.... cake was very... tasty. We ate... cake with... tea. 9. This is my... table. On... table I have... book, two... pencils,... pen and... paper. 10. This is... bag.... bag is brown. It is my sister's... bag. And this is my... bag. It is... yellow.
Запомните следующие словосочетания, в которых артикль не употребляется:
at S school at S home at S work
Упр. 4. Вставьте артикль, где необходимо.
1. I have two... sisters. My... sisters are... students. 2. We are at... home. 3. My... brother is not at... home, he is at... school. 4. My... mother is at... work. She is... doctor. 5. I am not... doctor. 6. I have no'... sister. 7. He is not... pilot. 8. I have thirty-two... teeth. 9. He has... child. 10. She has two... children. Her children are at... school. 11. Is your father at... home? — No, he is at... work. 12. Where is your... brother? — He is at... home.
Если перед существительным употребляется прилагательное, оно стоит между артиклем и существительным.
E.g. This is a book. This is a good book.
Упр 5. Вставьте артикль, где необходимо.
1. We have... large... family. 2. My granny often tells us... long... interesting.. stories. 3. My... father is... engineer. He works at... factory.... factory is large. 4. My... mother is... doctor. She works at... large... hospital. She is at... work now. 5. My... aunt is... teacher. She works at... school.... school is good. My... aunt is not at... school now. She is at... home. She is drinking... tea and eating... jam.... jam is sweet. I am at... home, too. I am drinking... tea and eating... sandwich.... sandwich is tasty. 6. My sister is at... school. She is... pupil. 7. My cousin has... big... black... cat. My cousin's... cat has two... kittens.... milk, too. cat likes... milk.... kittens like
