1. . , , , , . :
) - be, , .
The main point of a transform-
er is providing the change of
voltage ( : .
be -, providing - ).
) , , :
to begin, to start -
to continue, to go on -
to finish - ,
to give up - (-. ),
to keep (on) -
to stop -
) , :
cannot help ( ) + +
:
They could not help using this
information. .
(it is) worth +
(it is) worthwhile
:
It is worth (while) discussing .
this phenomenon.
no use () +
:
There is no use considering these
writings. .
IV. ing-
1. , ing ( ing -) I, :
covering Participle I ()
()
(by) covering Gerund - () ()
(a) covering Noun - , , ()
2. : , - .
) ing - ( ) of, , , , , ;
) ing - of, , , , , , , . .:
There are different ways of
solving a problem (solving
, - .
).
The solving of the problem
was approved (the solving .
, -
).
V. .
Active | Passive | |
Indefinite Perfect | planning having planned | being planned having been planned |
Indefinite Gerund , ;
Perfect Gerund , ;
|
|
Active Gerund , ;
Passive Gerund ( ) .
:
We know of the work being , -
carried out in his laboratory. .
We know of the work having , -
been carried out in his labo- .
ratory.
, , ( ) . : .