a. needed • put over
b. cover • between warm and cold
c. cool • having a lot of money
d. rich • had to have
Complete these sentences using the words from the box.
Covered sew machines plastic jewels rubber warm cool
a. Goodyear Welt made shoes from____________.
b. Today we use____________ to make shoes quickly.
c. People wore sandals to keep their feet clean and____________.
d. Some people put____________ on their sandals to show that they were rich.
e. Sheepskin shoes are very____________.
f. The first people____________ their feet with skins and leaves.
g. Nowadays some shoes are made from____________.
h. Lyman Blake had a machine that could____________ shoes.
Choose and write the correct word.
a. It's too hot for shoes so put some____________ on. sandals/feet
b. He's a____________ man with no money to buy clothes. cheap/poor
c. Put out the fire____________! It's going to burn down the house. happily/quickly
d. Your____________ looks very red. Have you been out in the sun? hat/skin
Looking for detail
Answer these questions about the story.
a. What were the first shoes made from?
b. Which shoes are very warm?
c. What did Lyman Blake's machine do?
d. What can some machines do quickly?
e. What was the difference between Lyman Blake's machine and Goodyear's?
f. What changed the way shoes were made?
g. What are shoes made from nowadays?
h. Why do you think shoes will change in the future?
i. Who does 'they’ refer to in paragraph 1?
j. Who does 'he' refer to in paragraph 3?
Complete the following sentences. Use only words from the story.
a. The first people sewed together____________.
b. Sandals were first worn by people who____________.
c. People did not wear sandals in cold countries because____________.
d. Even poor people could buy____________.
e. Shoes took a long time to make until____________.
Picture comprehension
Make a √ under the correct picture of the first shoes people wore. Say why you think this picture is correct.
Organizing ideas
Read the sentences below and tick the five most important ones. Write them in the correct order to make a summary of the passage.
a. Many years ago when people wanted to cover their feet they cut up animal skins and tied them together with grass.
b. Today we also use plastic to make shoes.
c. Later, people in hot countries made sandals to keep their feet clean and cool.
d. The first men and women had machines to make shoes.
e. In the 1800s three men made sewing machines for shoes.
f. Goodyear made other things from rubber.
g. Elias Howe's and Lyman Blake's machines sewed shoes and Goodyear Welt's machine made cheap, rubber shoes.
___________________________________
___________________________________
___________________________________
___________________________________
___________________________________
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Writing
Choose the correct word from the following pairs of words and write each one in the correct blank.
same/different sandals/skins worn/made shoes/feet machine/shoe
a. For a long time we have worn something on our_____________.
b. In hot countries people wore_____________.
c. In 1846 Elias Howe made the first sewing_____________.
d. Later other machines were_____________.
e. Today we have shoes of many_____________ kinds.
UNIT 5
Whales
Pre-reading activity
1. Where do whales live?
2. Are there whales in the seas near your country?
3. Have you even seen a live whale?
Many people think that the dinosaur is the biggest animal that ever lived. They are wrong. The world's biggest animal is still living and it lives in the sea. It is called the Blue Whale. Blue Whales can be as long as 30 meters and weigh as much as 1,000 kilos. The largest dinosaurs weighed only 500 kilos.
The whale is not only the world's biggest animal, it is also one of the cleverest. We know that whales can talk to each other, though we do not know what they are saying. We do not yet know how to 'speak' whale! One day perhaps we shall learn to speak to whales and then they will be able to tell us about themselves.
Whales are part of a family of animals called 'cetaceans'. These are animals that live in the sea but unlike fish, do not lay eggs. They have live babies in the same way that cows and cats do, and give their babies milk.
There is a famous White Whale called Moby Dick. He was in a story by the American writer, Herman Melville. In this story, a sailor called Captain Ahab spends a lot of time trying to find and kill Moby Dick.
Sadly, there are not many kinds of whales left. Men have killed them for thousands of years for food and other things. However, there are now laws to stop people killing most kinds of whales so perhaps there will be more of them in the years to come.
New words
dinosaur: Dinosaurs lived on the earth thousands of years ago.
large: A dinosaur is not as large as a whale.
weigh: My father is getting fat. He must weigh more than 100 kilos.
whale: A whale is an animal that lives in the sea and looks like a very big fish.
law: We have laws to stop people from doing bad things.
Main idea
